WKY-Haq Oscillator: Sabon Hanyar Samar da Wutar Lantarki don Tsarin Canja Wutar Lantarki ta Inductive

Table of Contents

1. Gabatarwa

Canja Wutar Lantarki ta Maras Igiya (WPT) yana ba da damar watsa makamashin lantarki ta cikin tazarar iska ba tare da haɗuwa ta jiki ba, yana samun gagarumin ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don aikace-aikace kamar caji mara igiya. Duk da cewa ra'ayin ya samo asali ne daga gwaje-gwajen Tesla a shekara ta 1893, ci gaban zamani a cikin ƙananan na'urori da sadarwar mara igiya sun sake farfado da sha'awar. Ana iya samun WPT ta hanyar tsarin watsa radiyo mai nisa ta amfani da radiation na electromagnetic ko tsarin amsawa na kusa ta amfani da filin lantarki ko magnetic.

Wannan takarda ta mai da hankali kan Canja Wutar Lantarki ta Inductive (IPT), wanda ke aiki a cikin filin magnetic na kusa (MNF) kuma ya dogara da inductance na electromagnetic, wanda Michael Faraday ya gano. Ana ɗaukar IPT a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi inganci kuma mafi aminci hanyoyin, tare da mahimman aikace-aikace a cikin na'urorin likitanci (misali, pacemakers) inda musanya baturi ke da matsala. Tsarin yana buƙatar tushen igiyar oscillating, kamar inverter ko oscillator, don samar da filin magnetic mai canzawa lokaci ta hanyar coil mai watsawa.

2. Aikin Gwaji

Aikin gwaji ya ƙunshi ƙira da gwada sabon oscillator don tsarin IPT. An haɓaka oscillator, mai suna WKY-Haq, ta amfani da IC LM7171 operational amplifier. Sunan yana girmama shugabannin aikin (Wahab, Khalil, Youssef) da Dr. Shams Al-Haq daga Jami'ar Benghazi.

2.1. Ƙirar Oscillator na WKY-Haq

An ƙera oscillator na WKY-Haq don yin aiki a ƙananan mitoci masu dacewa don aikace-aikacen IPT. Yana amfani da daidaitattun kayan aikin lantarki waɗanda aka saita don samar da ingantacciyar oscillating tare da mitar da za a iya sarrafawa. Ƙirar ta ba da fifiko ga sauƙi, aminci, da inganci don tuƙi nauyin inductive.

2.2. Dangantakar Lissafi

An samo kusan dangantakar lissafi don daidaita mitar oscillator ta hanyar gwaji. Mita ya dogara da ƙimar resistors da capacitors a cikin hanyar sadarwar amsawa. Ana iya bayyana dangantakar kamar haka:

$f \approx \frac{1}{2\pi R C}$

inda $R$ da $C$ su ne mahimman abubuwan lokaci. An yi daidaitawar gwaji don inganta wannan kusan don aiwatarwa.

3. Tsarin Gwaji & Sakamako

An gina tsarin IPT ta amfani da oscillator na WKY-Haq a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki. Tsarin ya yi amfani da topology na Series-Series (SS), inda duka na'urorin watsawa da karɓa suka kasance tare da capacitors.

3.1. Tsarin Tsarin IPT

Tsarin ya ƙunshi:

• Mai Watsawa: Oscillator na WKY-Haq yana tuƙi da'irar resonant na jerin (inductor L_T da capacitor C_T).
• Mai Karɓa: Irin wannan da'irar resonant na jerin (inductor L_R da capacitor C_R) wanda aka haɗa zuwa resistor na kaya (R_L).
• Coils: Coils na iska tare da takamaiman adadin juyi da diamita.
• Ma'auni: Oscilloscopes da multimeters don auna ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da mitar.

An daidaita mitar aiki zuwa 77.66 kHz, ƙaramin mitar da aka zaɓa don rage asarar radiyo da kuma bin ƙa'idodin band na IPT na yau da kullun.

3.2. Ma'aunin Inganci

An ƙididdige ingancin tsarin ($\eta$) a matsayin rabo na wutar da aka isar da kaya (P_out) zuwa wutar shigar da aka ba oscillator (P_in):

$\eta = \frac{P_{out}}{P_{in}} \times 100\%$

Mahimman binciken:

• Oscillator na WKY-Haq ya yi nasarar tuƙi tsarin IPT.
• Inganci ya dogara sosai da adadin juyi a cikin coil mai karɓa.
• Ƙara juyin mai karɓa ya inganta inganci sosai, yana nuna mahimmancin haɗin magnetic.
• Topology na SS ya ba da kyakkyawan aiki a mitar da aka gwada.

4. Nazarin Fasaha & Tattaunawa

Oscillator na WKY-Haq ya tabbatar da kasancewa tushen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi don IPT mai ƙarancin mitar. Ƙarfinsa yana cikin sauƙinsa da dangantakar daidaita mitar da aka samo ta hanyar gwaji, wanda ke ba da damar daidaitawa daidai. Zaɓin 77.66 kHz yana da dabara, yana zaune a cikin kewayon da ke daidaita kyakkyawan haɗin magnetic (wanda ke inganta tare da ƙarancin mitar) tare da girman abubuwan aiki na zahiri (waɗanda suke girma a ƙananan mitoci).

Bayyanannen alaƙa tsakanin juyin coil mai karɓa da inganci yana jaddada ƙa'idar asali ta IPT: inductance na juna ($M$) tsakanin coils, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ginshiƙinsu da daidaitawa, yana da mahimmanci. Topology na SS ya dace da wannan aikace-aikacen kamar yadda yake ba da ramuwa na asali don amsawar inductive, yana sauƙaƙe canja wurin wutar lantarki.

5. Nazari na Asali: Fahimtar Jiki & Kimantawa

Fahimtar Jiki: Aikin ƙungiyar Benghazi ya fi ƙarancin game da da'irar oscillator na juyin juya hali kuma ya fi ƙarfin tabbatarwa na aikace-aikace na zahiri. Ƙimar gaske ita ce nuna cewa oscillator mai sauƙi, mai daidaitawa zai iya ba da damar IPT yadda ya kamata a takamaiman wurin aiki mai ƙarancin mitar (77.66 kHz). Wannan yana ƙalubalantar ra'ayin cewa masu canzawa masu rikitarwa, masu mitar girma koyaushe suna da mahimmanci, yana nuna hanyar "kiyaye shi mai sauƙi" don aikace-aikacen ƙira.

Kwararar Hankali: Takardar ta bi hanyar bincike da aka yi amfani da ita: gano buƙatu (tushen wutar lantarki na IPT mai dogaro), gabatar da mafita (oscillator na al'ada), samo lissafinsa, gina ginin gwaji (IPT topology na SS), da auna ma'aunin maɓalli (inganci). Tsalle na hankali shine haɗa juyin coil kai tsaye zuwa inganci, wucewa zurfin nazarin ƙididdiga na haɗin kai ($k$) ko abubuwan inganci ($Q$), waɗanda suke daidaitattun a cikin wallafe-wallafe kamar aikin farko na Kurs et al. akan canja wurin wutar lantarki ta hanyar resonance na magnetic.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfin shine tabbatarwa ta hannu, na zahiri tare da bayyanannun sakamako masu maimaitawa. Ƙirar oscillator tana da sauƙi. Babban aibi shine rashin nazarin kwatancen. Ta yaya inganci da kwanciyar hankali na WKY-Haq ya kwatanta da daidaitaccen oscillator na Wien-bridge ko phase-shift a cikin irin wannan rawar? Takardar kuma ta ɓata muhimman tattaunawa akan tsangwama na electromagnetic (EMI) a 77 kHz da aikin zafi, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don turawa a duniyar gaske, musamman a cikin kayan aikin likitanci da marubutan suka ambata.

Fahimtar Aiki: Ga masu aiki, wannan takarda shine tsari mai amfani don ƙaddamar da samfurin IPT. Abin da za a iya ɗauka shine nuna hankali ga juyin coil mai karɓa—mai arha kuma mai tasiri lever don ingantawa. Duk da haka, don haɓaka samfur, dole ne a haɗa binciken daga ƙarin tsari mai ƙarfi. Misali, daidaitattun caji mara igiya na Qi, wanda Ƙungiyar Wutar Lantarki ta Maras Igiya ke sarrafawa, yana aiki a mitoci mafi girma (100-205 kHz) tare da ƙa'idodin sadarwa masu ƙwarewa don aminci da inganci. Hanyar Benghazi za ta buƙaci ƙarfafawa mai mahimmanci (kariya, madaukai na sarrafawa, gwajin yarda) don matsawa daga benchen ɗakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa samfurin kasuwanci ko na likita. Hanyar gaba ya kamata ta haɗa da haɗa wannan oscillator tare da cibiyoyin sadarwar daidaita impedance, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin bincike mai ci gaba daga cibiyoyi kamar MIT ko Stanford, don kiyaye inganci a cikin yanayin haɗin kai mai canzawa—babban ƙalubale don aikace-aikacen caji mai ƙarfi.

6. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha & Tsarin Lissafi

Jigon nazarin tsarin IPT ya ƙunshi mitar resonant da inductance na juna.

Mitar Resonant: Don da'irar RLC na jerin, mitar resonant $f_0$ ana bayar da ita kamar haka:

$f_0 = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}}$

Duka na'urorin watsawa da karɓa an daidaita su zuwa wannan mitar (77.66 kHz) don haɓaka canja wurin wutar lantarki.

Inductance na Juna & Haɗin kai: Inductance na juna $M$ tsakanin coils biyu aiki ne na ginshiƙinsu, adadin juyi ($N_T$, $N_R$), da ƙididdiga na haɗin kai $k$ (0 ≤ k ≤ 1):

$M = k\sqrt{L_T L_R}$

Ƙarfin lantarki da aka haifar a cikin coil mai karɓa shine $V_R = j\omega M I_T$, inda $I_T$ shine halin yanzu na mai watsawa kuma $\omega = 2\pi f$.

Samun Inganci (Sauƙaƙe): Don tsarin jerin-jerin da aka haɗa a hankali, ana iya kusan inganci kamar haka:

$\eta \approx \frac{(\omega M)^2 R_L}{R_T R_R R_L + (\omega M)^2 (R_R + R_L)}$

inda $R_T$ da $R_R$ su ne juriyoyin parasitic na coils. Wannan yana nuna dalilin da yasa ƙara $M$ (misali, ta hanyar ƙarin juyin mai karɓa) kai tsaye yana inganta $\eta$.

7. Sakamako & Bayanin Ginshiƙi

Hoto (1): Zane na Tsarin IPT. Zanen toshe yana kwatanta kwararar tsarin: Tushen wutar lantarki na DC yana ciyar da shi cikin Oscillator na WKY-Haq (mai canza DC-AC). Fitowar AC na oscillator yana tuƙi Da'irar Resonant na Mai Watsawa (wanda ya ƙunshi inductor L_T da capacitor C_T a jere). Halin yanzu mai canzawa a cikin L_T yana haifar da filin magnetic mai oscillating. Wannan filin yana haɗuwa a kan tazarar iska zuwa Da'irar Resonant na Mai Karɓa (inductor L_R da capacitor C_R a jere), yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki na AC. Ana isar da wutar da aka karɓa zuwa Kaya (R_L).

Sakamako Mai Muhimmanci (Na Rubutu): Bayanan gwaji sun tabbatar da cewa tsarin ya sami kwanciyar hankali na aiki a 77.66 kHz. Babban abin da ke tasiri inganci shine adadin juyi a cikin coil mai karɓa. An lura da gagarumin haɓaka inganci lokacin da aka ƙara adadin juyin coil mai karɓa, yana tabbatar da mahimmancin ka'idar inductance na juna. An auna takamaiman ƙimar inganci a ƙarƙashin tsarin juyi daban-daban, yana nuna daidaitawar aikin tsarin.

8. Tsarin Nazari: Misalin Lamari

Yanayi: Haɓaka canja wurin wutar lantarki zuwa ƙaramin, na'urar lantarki na likitanci da aka saka (misali, mai duba glucose).

Aikace-aikacen Tsarin (Ba Code ba):

1. Ƙayyade Ƙuntatawa: Ƙananan girman coil mai karɓa (ƙuntata L_R), ƙaƙƙarfan iyakoki akan ƙarfin filin, buƙatar ƙarancin zafi.
2. Aiwatar da Fahimtar Takarda: Ƙara juyin coil mai karɓa a cikin ƙuntataccen girman don haɓaka $M$ da inganci, kamar yadda gwajin WKY-Haq ya nuna.
3. Ƙara Bayan Takarda: Yi amfani da daidaitattun lissafin inganci don ƙirar aiki. Yi kwaikwayo tare da ginshiƙan coil daban-daban (misali, spiral vs. solenoid) ta amfani da software kamar ANSYS Maxwell ko COMSOL don nemo mafi kyawun $k$ da $Q$ abubuwan, matakan da ba a bayyana su a cikin takardar asali ba.
4. Benchmark: Kwatanta ingancin da aka annabta ta amfani da oscillator mai sauƙi da wani tsari mai ƙwarewa, tsarin tsalle-tsalle da ake amfani da shi a cikin na'urori masu saka don rage matsalolin rashin daidaito.
5. Yanke Shawara: Hanyar WKY-Haq na iya isa ga saka mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki amma da alama za ta buƙaci ƙari tare da daidaitawa don ƙarfin duniya na gaske.

9. Aikace-aikacen Gaba & Ci Gaba

Oscillator na WKY-Haq da binciken IPT da ke da alaƙa sun buɗe hanyoyi da yawa na gaba:

• Kayan Aikin Likitanci: Ƙara ƙaramin girman kai da haɗin kai don saka na yau da kullun. Bincike ya kamata ya mai da hankali kan kullewar da ba za a iya amfani da su ba da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci na da'irar oscillator.
• Cajin Motocin Lantarki (EV): Duk da yake cajin mara igiya na EV na yanzu yana amfani da wutar lantarki mafi girma da ƙa'idodi daban-daban, ana iya bincika hanyar ƙarancin mitar don ƙananan tsarin taimako ko cajin jirage marasa matuka/robots.
• Na'urori masu auna Masana'antu: Samar da wutar lantarki ga na'urori masu auna a cikin injinan juyawa ko wuraren da aka rufe inda wayoyi ba su da amfani.
• Haɗin Tsarin: Aikin gaba dole ne ya haɗa sadarwa da sarrafawa. Ƙara madauki mai sauƙi daga mai karɓa zuwa oscillator (misali, ta amfani da daidaita kaya) zai iya daidaita fitarwa akan bambance-bambancen haɗin kai, dabarar da ake amfani da ita a cikin ƙa'idodin RFID da Qi.
• Binciken Kayan Aiki: Maye gurbin coils na iska tare da cores na ferrite ko kayan aiki na ci gaba na iya haɓaka haɗin kai da inganci sosai a irin wannan ƙaramin mitar, yanki mai ban sha'awa da ƙungiyoyi kamar Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Shouhei ta Jami'ar Tokyo suka bincika.

10. Nassoshi

1. Kurs, A., Karalis, A., Moffatt, R., Joannopoulos, J. D., Fisher, P., & Soljačić, M. (2007). Canja wurin wutar lantarki ta hanyar ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin kai na magnetic. Kimiyya, 317(5834), 83-86.
2. Ƙungiyar Wutar Lantarki ta Maras Igiya. (2023). Ƙa'idar Tsarin Canja Wutar Lantarki ta Qi. An samo daga https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com
3. Samfurin, A. P., Meyer, D. A., & Smith, J. R. (2011). Nazari, sakamakon gwaji, da daidaita kewayon na masu jujjuyawar da aka haɗa ta hanyar magnetic don canja wurin wutar lantarki mara igiya. IEEE Transactions akan Lantarki na Masana'antu, 58(2), 544-554.
4. Daidaitattun IEEE don Matakan Aminci game da Bayyanar da Mutane ga Filin Lantarki, Magnetic, da Electromagnetic, 0 Hz zuwa 300 GHz. (2019). IEEE Std C95.1-2019.
5. RamRakhyani, A. K., Mirabbasi, S., & Chiao, M. (2011). Ƙira da inganta tsarin isar da wutar lantarki mara igiya mai inganci don saka na likitanci. IEEE Transactions akan Tsarin Lantarki na Likitanci, 5(1), 48-63.
6. Jami'ar Tokyo, Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Shouhei. (2022). Kayan Aiki don Haɓaka Canja Wutar Lantarki ta Maras Igiya. An samo daga [Hanyar Haɗin Cibiyar Misali].