1. Gabatarwa
Bukatar hulɗar Mutum da Kwamfuta (HCI) ta halitta kuma mai hankali tana ƙaruwa cikin sauri, wanda aikace-aikacen wasanni, gidaje masu wayo, da mu'amalar motoci ke tafiyar da shi. Duk da haka, hanyoyin al'ada suna fuskantar iyakoki masu mahimmanci: allon tabawa ya kasa a cikin yanayi mai jika/da mai, kyamarori suna tayar da damuwa game da sirri kuma suna da yawan amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma sarrafa murya yana fama da umarni masu rikitarwa da sirri. Kasuwar HMI ta duniya ana hasashen za ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 7.24 nan da shekara ta 2026, wanda ke jaddada buƙatar ingantattun hanyoyin magance matsalar.
Wannan takarda ta gabatar da EMGesture, wata sabuwar dabara ta hulɗa ba tare da tabawa ba. Tana sake amfani da caji na wayar hannu na Qi mai yaduwa a matsayin na'urar gano hanyoyin hannu ta hanyar nazarin siginonin lantarki (EM) da ake fitarwa yayin caji. Waɗannan siginonin suna rikicewa ta hanyar motsin hannu, suna ɗauke da cikakken bayani game da hanyoyin hannu. EMGesture ta gabatar da tsari mai cikakken aiki don ɗauka, sarrafa, da rarraba waɗannan rikice-rikicen, yana ba da madadin aiki mai amfani, mai rahusa, kuma mai kula da sirri don hulɗa mai yaduwa.
97%+
Ingantaccen Gano
30
Mahalarta
10+5
Na'urori & Caji da aka Gwada
2. Hanyoyi & Tsarin Tsarin
EMGesture tana mai da da'irar caji na Qi na al'ada zuwa dandalin gano hanyoyin hannu. Tsarin baya buƙatar gyaran kayan aikin amma yana amfani da rediyo da aka ayyana ta software (SDR) ko na'urar gani da aka haɗa don lura da filin EM na caji.
2.1. Samun Sigina na EM & Gyara Kafin Aiki
Babban sigina shine filin lantarki da coil ɗin watsa wutar lantarki na caji ke samarwa, yana aiki a mitoci kusan 100-205 kHz don Qi. Lokacin da hannun mai amfani ya yi wata hanya kusa da caji, yana aiki azaman matsakaici mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki, yana rikita wannan filin. Ana kama waɗannan rikice-rikicen a matsayin bayanan ƙarfin lantarki na lokaci-lokaci.
Gyara kafin aiki ya haɗa da:
- Tace Hayaniya: Yin amfani da masu tacewa don ware madaidaicin mitar Qi daga hayaniyar muhalli.
- Daidaituwa: Sikelin siginoni don la'akari da haɗin na'ura/caji daban-daban da matakan wutar lantarki na asali.
- Rarraba: Ware taga sigina daidai da misalin hanya ɗaya.
2.2. Cire Siffofi & Rarraba Hanyoyin Hannu
Ana nazarin siginin da aka gyara kafin aiki don cire siffofi masu banbancewa. Ganin yanayin jeri na hanyoyin hannu, ana iya ciro siffofi daga yankunan lokaci da mitoci:
- Yankin lokaci: Girman sigina, ƙimar ketare sifili, makamashi.
- Yankin mitoci: Cibiyar bakan gizo, faɗin bakan gizo, Ma'aunin Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) da aka daidaita don siginonin EM.
- Lokaci-Mitoci: Siffofi daga Canjin Fourier na Gajeren Lokaci (STFT) ko canje-canjen wavelet don ɗaukar ƙirar ci gaba.
Ana horar da ingantaccen samfurin koyon inji (misali, Na'urar Tallafawa Vector (SVM), Daji na Bazuwar, ko cibiyar sadarwa mai sauƙi kamar 1D-CNN ko LSTM) akan waɗannan siffofi don rarraba hanyoyin hannu (misali, goge hagu/dama, danna, da'ira). Ingantaccen samfurin shine mabuɗin don sarrafa bambance-bambance tsakanin masu amfani da kayan aikin.
3. Sakamakon Gwaji & Kimantawa
3.1. Ingantaccen Gano & Aiki
Marubutan sun gudanar da cikakkun gwaje-gwaje tare da mahalarta 30, na'urorin wayar hannu daban-daban 10, da caji na Qi 5. Tsarin ya nuna fiye da 97% ingantaccen gano don ƙayyadaddun saitin hanyoyin hannu (misali, goge-goge masu shugabanci, da'ira, dannawa). An kiyaye wannan babban inganci a cikin haɗin na'ura-caji daban-daban, yana tabbatar da gabaɗayan hanyar.
Bayanin Ginshiƙi (An Ƙaddara): Wata ginshiƙi mai yiwuwa tana nuna kashi-kashi na inganci (y-axis) don nau'ikan hanyoyin hannu daban-daban (x-axis) kamar Goge Hagu, Goge Dama, Da'ira, Danna, da Tura. Kowane ginshiƙi an raba shi don nuna aiki a cikin yanayin gwaji daban-daban (misali, Mai Amfani 1-10, Na'ura A-E). Layin da aka lulluɓe yana nuna matsakaicin inganci gabaɗaya yana shawagi akai-akai sama da alamar 97%.
3.2. Nazarin Masu Amfani & Kimanta Amfaninsa
Bayan inganci, an gudanar da nazarin masu amfani don kimanta amfanin aiki. Mahalarta sun ruwaito:
- Babban Sauƙi: Yin amfani da na'urar da ke akwai, mai yaduwa (caji) ya kawar da buƙatar ƙarin na'urori masu gani.
- Ƙaƙƙarfan Hasashen Sirri: Ba kamar kyamarori ba, tsarin baya ɗaukar bayanan gani ko na halayen ɗan adam, kawai rikice-rikicen EM na zato.
- Sauƙin Amfani: An gano hanyoyin hannu suna da hankali kuma sauƙin yin su a cikin yanayi kamar tebur ko teburin gefen gado.
Nazarin ya sanya EMGesture a matsayin ba kawai mai yuwuwar fasaha ba har ma da karbuwar mai amfani.
4. Nazarin Fasaha & Tsarin Aiki
4.1. Tushen Lissafi & Sarrafa Sigina
Ana iya ƙirƙira rikicewar filin EM ta wani abu mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki (hannu) ta hanyar canje-canje a cikin inductance na juna da igiyoyin ruwa da aka haifar. Za a iya ɗaukar siginin da aka karɓa $s(t)$ kamar:
$s(t) = A(t) \cdot \sin(2\pi f_c t + \phi(t)) + n(t)$
inda $A(t)$ shine girman lokaci-lokaci, $f_c$ shine mitar ɗaukar kaya (~110-205 kHz), $\phi(t)$ shine lokaci, kuma $n(t)$ hayaniya ne. Hanyoyin hannu suna daidaita $A(t)$ da $\phi(t)$. Cire siffofi sau da yawa ya haɗa da ƙididdige ambulan sigina $E(t)$:
$E(t) = |s(t) + j \cdot \mathcal{H}\{s(t)\}|$
inda $\mathcal{H}\{\cdot\}$ shine canjin Hilbert, ana amfani da shi don samun siginin nazari don gano ambulan.
4.2. Tsarin Nazari: Nazarin Lamari ba tare da Lambar Ba
Yanayi: Sarrafa fitilar tebur mai wayo (kunna/kashe, haske sama/ƙasa) ta amfani da hanyoyin hannu akan da'irar caji ta wayar hannu da aka haɗa.
- Kwararar Sigina: Mai amfani yana yin hanyar hannu ta "da'ira". Motsin hannu yana canza filin EM na gida na coil ɗin caji.
- Bututun Bayanai: ADC akan allon sarrafa caji yana samfurin amsa na yanzu/ƙarfin lantarki na coil (bayanan da aka riga aka lura don sarrafa caji).
- Ƙirƙirar Vector Siffa: Ana sarrafa taga 500ms da aka samfur. Samfurin 1D-CNN yana ciro siffofi na sararin samaniya-lokaci: misali, ƙara a cikin ƙarfin bakan gizo mai ƙarancin mitoci wanda ke biye da tsarin girman cyclic.
- Rarraba & Aiki: Samfurin ya dace da vector siffa zuwa ajin "da'ira" tare da amincewar 98%. Tsarin yana fassara wannan zuwa umarni: "Kewaya ta cikin yanayin zafin launi na fitila."
- Binciken Ƙarfi: Tsarin yana watsi da ƙananan rikice-rikice (kamar sanya wayar hannu akan kushin) ta hanyar duba ko tsarin sigina ya dace da sa hannun na'urar caji da aka sani kafin kunna yanayin hanya.
Wannan tsari yana nuna haɗin kai mara kyau na ganowa cikin aikin da ke akwai.
5. Tattaunawa & Hanyoyin Gaba
Babban Fahimta: EMGesture ba wani fasahar hanya ba ce kawai—ta zama babban darasi a cikin sake amfani da kayayyakin more rayuwa. Marubutan sun gano tushen bayanai mai yaduwa, shiru (filar EM na Qi) kuma sun mai da wani ɓangaren isar da wutar lantarki zuwa na'urar gani ta mahallin. Wannan ya wuce ƙara na'urori masu gani zuwa yin amfani da abin da ke akwai, wata ka'ida mai mahimmanci don dorewa da ƙididdigewa mai yaduwa, kamar yadda ainihin hangen nesa na Mark Weiser ya yi.
Kwararar Hankali & Kwatanta: Hujja tana da ban sha'awa: kyamarori masu kutsawa ne kuma masu cin wutar lantarki, tabawa ta kasa a cikin yanayi mai rikitarwa, murya tana da hayaniya. Siginonin EM koyaushe suna kunne, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, kuma na zato. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin tushen RF kamar Wi-Fi ko radar (misali, Soli na Google), ƙarfin EMGesture shine ƙayyadaddun yanayinsa, yanayin da ake iya hasashen (kusa da filin coil), wanda ke sauƙaƙa sarrafa sigina da haɓaka inganci, kamar yadda sakamakon 97%+ ya tabbatar—galibi ya fi girma fiye da aikin ganin Wi-Fi na farko da aka ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafe kamar ACM MobiCom.
Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Babban aikace-aikacen shine sirri-ta-zane da sifili na gefen farashin kayan aikin don na'urori masu caji na Qi. Duk da haka, bari mu zama masu suka: Kewayon yana da iyaka sosai ('yan cm), yana mai da shi hulɗar "tebur" ko "gefen gado", ba ma'aunin daki ba. Ƙamus na hanyoyin hannu yana yiwuwa ƙanana kuma mai sauƙi. Hakanan ya dogara da caji yana aiki, wanda bazai kasance koyaushe ba. Akwai yuwuwar rikici tsakanin madaidaicin daidaitawar caji da dabarun hanyoyin hannu.
Fahimta mai Aiki & Hanyoyin Gaba: 1. Tura Ƙa'idodi: Gaskiyar nasara ita ce samun Qi 2.0 ko ƙa'idodin gaba don haɗa keɓaɓɓen tashoshi na ganowa, ƙarancin bakan gizo tare da canja wurin wutar lantarki. Masu yin guntu kamar NXP da IDT ya kamata su lura. 2. Haɗuwa mai Sanin Mahalli: Tsarin gaba bai kamata ya dogara da EM kaɗai ba. Haɗa siginoninsa na niyya tare da na'urar gudu (don gano "ɗauka") ko makirufo (don tabbatar da murya) zai iya ƙirƙirar umarni masu ƙarfi, masu yanayi daban-daban. 3. Faɗaɗa Ƙamus: Bincike ya kamata ya bincika ƙarin rikitarwa, hanyoyin hannu na 3D ta amfani da jerin caji masu yawa, mai yuwuwa ba da damar haruffan harshen kurame akan kushin caji. 4. Geffen Halayen ɗan Adam: Shin haɗin na'ura mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki na musamman na hannun mai amfani zai iya samar da siginin tantancewa na yau da kullun, ci gaba yayin da wayar ke caji? Wannan yana haɗa hulɗa tare da tsaro.
A ƙarshe, EMGesture tana ba da hanya mai haske mai amfani gaba. Ba zai maye gurbin kyamarori ko allon tabawa ba, amma ya ƙirƙira wani muhimmin yanki don hulɗar yanayi, na yau da kullun, da sirri a cikin fagen na'urar sirri, yana mai da aikin banza—caji—zuwa damar haɗin kai.
6. Nassoshi
- Wang, W., Yang, L., Gan, L., & Xue, G. (2025). Caji na Wayar Hannu a matsayin Na'urar Gano Hanyoyin Hannu: Sabuwar Hanyar Hulɗa ta Duniya. A cikin Proceedings of CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26).
- Hukumar Kula da Tsaron Babbar Hanya ta Ƙasa (NHTSA). (2023). Bayanan Mutuwar Tuki mai Katsalandan.
- Zhang, C., et al. (2020). Bincike kan Gano Ayyukan ɗan Adam na Tushen Hangen Nesa. Hoto da Kwatancen Gani, 103.
- Grand View Research. (2023). Rahoton Girman Kasuwar Hulɗar Mutum da Injin, 2023-2030.
- Malkin, N., et al. (2019). Sirri da Tsaro a cikin AI na Tushen Murya. Tsaro & Sirri na IEEE.
- Zhu, H., et al. (2021) Allon Tabawa a cikin Yanayi mai Jika: Bita. Mujallar Ƙasa ta Duniya na Nazarin Mutum-Kwamfuta.
- Weiser, M. (1991). Kwamfuta don Ƙarni na 21. Masanin Kimiyya na Amurka.
- Pu, Q., et al. (2013). Gano Hanyoyin Hannu na Gida Gabaɗaya ta Amfani da Siginonin Wayar Hannu. A cikin Proceedings of ACM MobiCom.
- Ƙungiyar Wutar Lantarki ta Wayar Hannu. (2023). Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Canja Wutar Lantarki ta Wayar Hannu na Qi.