Canja Wutar Lantarki ta Inductive Mai Girma (IPT) wata muhimmiyar fasaha ce don cajin mara waya, tana ba da fa'idodi kamar ƙara nisan watsawa da rage girman tsarin. Aikin waɗannan tsare-tsaren ya dogara da gaske akan inductance (L) da ingancin inganci (Q) na coils masu watsawa da karɓa. Hanyoyin ma'auni na gargajiya ta amfani da ma'aunin impedance ko na'urorin binciken cibiyar sadarwa suna da tsada, masu girma, kuma ba su da amfani ga samfuran da aka rufe. Hanyoyin da suka dogara da kwaikwayo, duk da suna da amfani, suna zama masu tsada a lissafi a cikin mitoci masu girma sosai ko kuma ga siffofi masu sarkakiya na coil saboda tasirin fata da kusanci.
Wannan takarda ta fara gabatar da mafita ta koyon inji (ML) ga wannan matsalar gano siffofi. Ta hanyar shigar da hoton coil kawai da mitar aiki a cikin samfurin da aka horar, tsarin zai iya yin hasashen ƙimar L da Q cikin sauri da daidaito. Wannan hanya tana da sauƙin ɗauka, ba ta kutsawa, kuma tana kawar da buƙatar kayan aiki masu tsada ko rarrabuwa.
Wannan sashe yana zayyana tsarin asali na tsare-tsaren IPT kuma yana nazarin muhimmiyar rawar siffofin coil.
Tsarin IPT na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi mai jujjuyawa, cibiyoyin biyan diyya na farko da na biyu, da coils masu haɗin kai (Ltx) da masu karɓa (Lrx). Mai jujjuyawa yana samar da wutar AC mai girma, wanda cibiyar biyan diyya ta farko ke daidaitawa kafin ya wuce ta Ltx. Ana canja makamashi ba tare da waya ba zuwa Lrx, sannan cibiyar biyan diyya ta biyu ta daidaita shi don isar da shi zuwa nauyin.
Inductance L yana ƙayyade mitar resonant da halayen haɗin kai, yayin da ingancin inganci Q, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman $Q = \frac{\omega L}{R}$, inda $\omega$ shine mitar kusurwa kuma $R$ shine ma'aunin juriya na jerin daidai, yana tasiri kai tsaye akan ingancin tsarin da ikon cimma Sauya Wutar Sifili (ZVS). Babban Q yana da mahimmanci don rage asarar, musamman a cikin kewayon mitar MHz. An kafa samfurin gwaji da ke aiki a 6.78 MHz don nazarin waɗannan tasirin.
Babban ƙirƙira shine aikace-aikacen Cibiyar Jijiyoyin Convolutional (CNN) don koma bayan siffofi na gani.
An zaɓi tsarin CNN saboda tabbataccen tasirinsa wajen ciro siffofi na sarari daga hotuna. Samfurin yana ɗaukar hoton coil da mitar aiki azaman shigarwa. Hoton yana wucewa ta cikin yadudduka na haɗin gwiwa don ciro siffofi (gefe, siffofi, juyawa), sannan yadudduka na tarawa da cikakkun yadudduka waɗanda suka haɗa bayanan mitar don komawa zuwa ƙimar L da Q ta ƙarshe.
Bayanan da suka bambanta sun kasance masu mahimmanci don ƙarfin samfurin. Ya haɗa da hotunan coils tare da ko ba tare da cibiyoyin ferromagnetic ba, coils tare da wayoyin tashin hankali masu kauri daban-daban, da coils na siffofi daban-daban (misali, karkace, solenoid). Wannan bambance-bambancen yana tabbatar da cewa samfurin zai iya yin gama gari a cikin fa'idodin ƙira na coil na ainihi.
Kuskuren Gano: 21.6%
Wannan kuskuren yana wakiltar aikin samfurin wajen yin hasashen ƙimar L da Q a cikin bayanan gwaji. Duk da ba cikakke ba, yana nuna tabbataccen hujja, yana ba da madadin sauri, mai rahusa ga hanyoyin gargajiya. Kuskuren yana yiwuwa ya samo asali ne daga iyakoki a cikin girman bayanan, ƙudurin hoto, da rikitaccen haɗin siffofi na gani zuwa madaidaicin siffofi na lantarki.
Bayanin Chati: Duk da ba a yi cikakken bayani ba a cikin rubutun da aka bayar, sashin sakamako na yau da kullun zai haɗa da chati kamar: 1) Taswira mai watse na Hasashen L da Auna L, yana nuna alaƙa da rarraba kuskure. 2) Irin wannan taswira don Hasashen Q da Auna Q. 3) Chatin sandi da ke kwatanta lokacin da aka ɗauka don gano ML da kwaikwayo (misali, HFSS) ko ma'aunin zahiri, yana nuna fa'idar saurin hanyar ML.
An tsara matsalar azaman aikin koma baya mai kulawa. Samfurin yana koyon aiki $f$ wanda ke tsara siffofi na shigarwa zuwa siffofi na manufa:
$[\hat{L}, \hat{Q}] = f(I_{coil}, f_{operation}; \theta)$
inda $I_{coil}$ shine tensor hoton coil, $f_{operation}$ shine mitar aiki, $\theta$ yana wakiltar siffofin da za a iya horarwa (ma'auni da son rai) na CNN, kuma $\hat{L}, \hat{Q}$ su ne ƙimar da aka hasashe.
Aikin asara da aka yi amfani da shi yayin horarwa yawanci shine Kuskuren Matsakaicin Matsakaici (MSE) ko Matsakaicin Kuskure na Cikakke (MAE) tsakanin hasashe da ƙimar gaskiya da aka samu daga ma'auni na gargajiya:
$\mathcal{L}(\theta) = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} \left( (L_i - \hat{L}_i)^2 + \alpha (Q_i - \hat{Q}_i)^2 \right)$
inda $N$ shine girman rukuni kuma $\alpha$ shine ma'aunin ma'auni don daidaita bambancin ma'auni tsakanin L da Q.
Tsarin Bincike mara Lamba: Yi la'akari da yanayin sarrafa inganci a cikin layin samar da cajin mara waya.
Wannan tsarin yana canza gwajin lantarki mai sarkakiya zuwa bincike mai sauƙi na gani, yana rage lokacin gwaji da farashi sosai.
Wannan takarda ba kawai game da auna coils ba ne; juyawa ce mai dabara daga kimiyyar lissafi ta farko zuwa bayanai na farko a cikin ƙira da tabbatar da lantarki. Marubutan sun gano daidai cewa toshewa a cikin IPT mai girma ba fahimtar ka'ida ba ce amma cire siffofi na aiki. Ta hanyar ɗaukar coil a matsayin tsarin gani maimakon matsalar iyaka ta lantarki, sun ketare zaluncin lissafi na lissafin Maxwell a mitoci MHz. Wannan yana tunawa da yadda hangen nesa na kwamfuta ya ketare injiniyan siffofi na zahiri. Kuskuren 21.6% ba rauni ba ne—farashin shiga ne don tsarin da ke yin alƙawarin rage lokacin gwaji da farashi da yawa.
Hujjar tana da ban sha'awa a layi daya: 1) IPT mai girma yana da mahimmanci amma yana da wuya a siffanta shi. 2) Kayan aiki na yanzu (masu bincike, masu kwaikwayo) ko dai suna da tsada, jinkiri, ko kutsawa. 3) Saboda haka, muna buƙatar sabuwar hanya, mai sauri. 4) Koyon inji, musamman CNN da aka tabbatar akan ImageNet, yana ba da hanya. 5) Ga samfurinmu na hujja da bayananmu. 6) Yana aiki tare da kuskure mai ma'ana. Ma'ana tana da inganci, amma tsalle daga "hoton" zuwa "inductance" an lulluɓe shi. Samfurin a zahiri yana koyon wakili mai sarkakiya sosai don kwaikwayon lantarki—wata hanya mai ban sha'awa amma baƙar fata wanda za ta ba masu al'ada dakata.
Ƙarfi: Aikin zahiri ba shakku ne. Hanyar tana da sauƗi mai ban mamaki a ra'ayi—kawai ɗauki hoto. Amfani da bayanai daban-daban (tare da/ba tare da cibiyoyi ba, siffofi daban-daban) yana nuna kyakkyawar hangen nesa don gama gari. Daidaitawa tare da yanayin koyon inji mai sanin kimiyyar lissafi, sun haɗa mitar aiki azaman shigarwa kai tsaye, suna shigar da ilimin yanki mai mahimmanci cikin samfurin.
Aibobi: Kuskuren 21.6%, duk da cewa farawa ne, yana da nisa daga shirye-shiryen samarwa don aikace-aikace masu daidaito. Takardar ba ta yi shiru ba game da rushewar kuskure—shin kuskuren yana cikin L ko Q? Shin yana da daidaito ko ya gaza da mummunan gaske akan wasu nau'ikan coil? "Hoton" shigarwa ba shi da ma'ana—wane ƙuduri, haske, kusurwa? Kamar yadda yake da aikace-aikacen ML da yawa, aikin samfurin yana daure ga bayanan horonsa. Zai yiwu ya gaza akan siffofi na coil ko kayan da ba a wakilta su a cikin bayanansa ba, iyaka da ba a fuskanta ta masu kwaikwayon kimiyyar lissafi na asali kamar ANSYS HFSS. Haka nan babu tattaunawa game da ƙididdige rashin tabbas—wata buƙata mai mahimmanci don yanke shawarar injiniya.
Ga masu bincike: Ƙara ƙarfi akan samfuran gauraye. Kar ku yi amfani da CNN mai tsafta kawai. Yi amfani da shi don yin hasashen siffofi na farko na geometry (adadin juyi, diamita), sannan ku ciyar da waɗannan cikin sauri, sauƙaƙan samfurin nazari (misali, bisa tsarin Wheeler) don ƙididdige L da Q. Wannan yana ƙara fassarawa da ƙuntatawa na kimiyyar lissafi. Ga masana'antu: Gwada wannan don gwajin inganci na tafi/kar a tafi, ba don ƙira mai daidaito ba. Ceton farashin daga saurin tantance raunin raka'a zai ba da hujjar saka jari ko da tare da yanayin kuskure na yanzu. Fara gina bayanan ku na musamman na hotunan coil da siffofin da aka auna yanzu; wannan kadarorin bayanai zai fi kowace samfuri guda daraja. A ƙarshe, shiga tare da al'ummar hangen nesa na kwamfuta. Dabarun daga ƙananan koyo da daidaitawa na yanki, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ingantattun tsarin GAN kamar CycleGAN, na iya zama mabuɗin sanya tsarin ya ƙarfi ga bambance-bambancen gani na ainihi.
A ƙarshe, wannan aikin mataki ne mai tayar da hankali kuma mai mahimmanci. Ba ya warware matsalar gano coil, amma ya sake tsara shi cikin nasara ta hanyar da ke buɗe kofa don hanzarta bayanai. Nan gaba ba na hanyar da ke da mafi ƙarancin kuskure a cikin dakin gwaji ba ne, amma ga wanda ke ba da amsoshi "mai kyau isa" mafi sauri kuma mafi rahusa a cikin masana'anta. Wannan takarda tana nuni kai tsaye zuwa wannan hanyar.