Tsarin Caji na Resonant Beam Mai Daidaitawa don Canja Wutar Waya Mai Hikima

1. Gabatarwa

Juyin juya halin Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT) yana da iyaka ta asali ta hanyar ƙarfin juriya na na'ura. Yayin da sarrafa kafofin watsa labarai a cikin na'urorin hannu ke ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi, rashin dacewa na caji mai ɗaure ya zama babban matsalar mai amfani. Canja Wutar Lantarki ta Waya (WPT) ya fito a matsayin muhimmin mafita, duk da haka fasahohin da ake da su kamar haɗin inductive da resonance na maganadisu suna iyakance ga tazara gajere, yayin da hanyoyin mitar rediyo da Laser ke haifar da haɗari ga aminci a matakin wutar lantarki na Watt.

Resonant Beam Charging (RBC), ko Rarraba Laser Charging (DLC), yana gabatar da madadin mai ban sha'awa don aminci, mai nisa (matakin mita), mai ƙarfi (matakin Watt) WPT. Duk da haka, tsarin sa na buɗe madauwari yana haifar da rashin inganci kamar caji na baturi (yana haifar da ɓata makamashi da haɗari ga aminci) da ƙarancin caji (tsawaita lokacin caji da rage ƙarfin baturi). Wannan takarda ta gabatar da tsarin Caji na Resonant Beam Mai Daidaitawa (ARBC) wanda aka ƙera don shawo kan waɗannan iyakoki ta hanyar sarrafa wutar lantarki mai hikima, mai motsa amsawa.

2. Tsarin Caji na Resonant Beam Mai Daidaitawa

ARBC yana haɓaka tsarin RBC na asali ta hanyar gabatar da tsarin sarrafa madauwari wanda ke daidaita wutar lantarki da aka aika bisa ga buƙatun mai karɓa na ainihi.

2.1 Tsarin Tsarin

Tsarin ARBC ya ƙunshi mai aikawa da mai karɓa. Mai aikawa yana samar da katako mai resonant. Mai karɓa, wanda aka haɗa da na'urar IoT, ba kawai yana tattara wutar lantarki ba har ma yana sa ido kan yanayin baturi (misali, ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, yanayin caji). Ana mayar da wannan bayanin zuwa ga mai aikawa ta hanyar tashar sadarwa na musamman (mai yiwuwa hanyar haɗin RF mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki).

2.2 Tsarin Sarrafa Amsawa

Babban hikimar ARBC yana cikin madauwar amsawa. Mai karɓa yana ci gaba da auna "ƙimar caji da aka fi so" na baturi - mafi kyawun halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki don wani matakin caji (misali, halin yanzu akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai). Ana isar da waɗannan ƙimomi zuwa ga mai aikawa, wanda sai ya daidaita ƙarfin fitarwa na tushen katako mai resonant daidai. Wannan tsari yana kama da daidaita hanyar haɗi a cikin sadarwar waya, inda ake daidaita sigogin watsawa bisa yanayin tashar.

2.3 Da'irar Canjin DC-DC

Tunda wutar lantarki da aka karɓa daga katako bazai dace da buƙatun shigar baturi kai tsaye ba, ARBC ya haɗa da na'urar canza DC-DC a mai karɓa. Wannan da'irar tana canza makamashin lantarki da aka tattara yadda ya kamata zuwa madaidaicin matakan ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu da ake buƙata don ingantaccen cajin baturi, yana ƙara haɓaka ingancin tsarin da lafiyar baturi.

3. Samfuran Nazari da Canja Wutar Lantarki

Takardar ta haɓaka samfuran nazari don bayyana canja wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin ARBC, yana ba da damar sarrafa daidai.

3.1 Dangantakar Canja Wutar Lantarki daga Ƙarshe zuwa Ƙarshe

Ta hanyar ƙirar ilimin watsa wutar lantarki na RBC, marubutan sun samo kusan dangantakar rufaffiyar layi tsakanin wutar lantarki da aka samar a mai aikawa ($P_{tx}$) da wutar lantarki mai caji da ake samu a mai karɓa ($P_{rx}^{chg}$). Wannan dangantakar tana da mahimmanci saboda tana ba da damar tsarin yin taswirar wutar cajin baturi da ake so zuwa wutar fitarwa da ake buƙata na mai aikawa don sarrafa amsawa.

3.2 Tsarin Lissafi

Dangantakar da aka samo za a iya bayyana ta a ra'ayi kamar $P_{rx}^{chg} = \eta(d, \alpha) \cdot P_{tx}$, inda $\eta$ shine ma'aunin inganci wanda aiki ne na nisan watsawa $d$ da sauran sigogin tsarin $\alpha$ (kamar daidaitawa, girman buɗaɗɗen). Mai sarrafa amsawa yana amfani da juzu'in wannan dangantakar: $P_{tx} = \frac{P_{rx}^{pref}}{\eta(d, \alpha)}$, inda $P_{rx}^{pref}$ shine wutar caji da aka fi so na baturi.

4. Kimantawa ta Lambobi da Sakamako

An tabbatar da aikin ARBC ta hanyar simintin lambobi wanda ya kwatanta shi da RBC na yau da kullun (wanda ba mai daidaitawa ba).

Makamashin Cajin Baturi da Aka Ajiye

61%

ARBC vs. RBC

Makamashin da Aka Samar da Aka Ajiye

53%-60%

ARBC vs. RBC

4.1 Nazarin Ajiye Makamashi

Sakamakon yana da ban mamaki: ARBC ya kai har zuwa ajiye kashi 61% a cikin makamashin cajin baturi da ajiye kashi 53%-60% a cikin makamashin da aka samar daga grid idan aka kwatanta da RBC. Wannan kai tsaye yana nufin rage farashin aiki da ƙaramin sawun carbon don manyan ayyukan IoT.

4.2 Kwatancen Aiki tare da RBC

Ribar ajiye makamashi na ARBC tana da fahimta musamman lokacin da hanyar haɗin WPT ba ta da inganci (misali, a nesa mai nisa ko tare da rashin daidaitawa). Wannan yana nuna ƙarfin tsarin da ikonsa na hana ɓata makamashi a cikin yanayi mara kyau, lamarin da ya zama ruwan dare a duniyar gaske.

5. Muhimman Bayanai da Nazari

Babban Fahimta

ARBC ba kawai ci gaba ne kaɗan ba; canji ne daga cajin watsa shirye-shirye na "wawa" zuwa isar da wutar lantarki ta "mai hikima" ta hanyar shawarwari. Marubutan sun gano daidai cewa babban matsalar cikin WPT mai nisa ba shine ilimin kimiyyar watsawa ba, amma hikimar matakin tsarin don sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata. Wannan yana kwatanta juyin halitta a cikin sadarwar waya daga watsa shirye-shirye mai ƙarfi na ƙayyadaddun zuwa daidaitawar daidaitawa da lambobi.

Kwararar Hankali

Hankalin takardar yana da inganci: 1) Gano kuskuren RBC (ɓata buɗaɗɗen madauwari), 2) Ba da shawarar tsarin tsarin amsawa na rufaffiyar madauwari a matsayin magani, 3) Samun dokar sarrafawa ta hanyar ƙirar lissafi, da 4) Ƙididdige fa'idodin. Kwatancen daidaita hanyar haɗi ba kawai waka ce ba - yana ba da tsarin ƙira balagagge daga wani fanni na makwabta.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai

Ƙarfi: Ƙididdigar ajiye makamashi (60%+) tana da jan hankali kuma tana magance ingancin tattalin arziki kai tsaye. Haɗa na'urar canza DC-DC abu ne mai amfani da yawa ake yin watsi da shi a cikin takardun WPT na ka'idar. Hujjar aminci (katsewa nan da nan akan toshewa) babbar fa'ida ce ta tsari da kasuwa.
Kurakurai: Takardar ta yi watsi da farashin aiwatarwa da rikitarwar tashar amsawa. Ƙara hanyar haɗin RF mai biyu don sarrafawa yana ƙara farashin mai karɓa, sama da wutar lantarki, da yuwuwar tsangwama. Binciken ya ɗauka cikakken sanin "ƙimar caji da aka fi so," wanda a aikace yana buƙatar ingantattun algorithms na sarrafa baturi. Aikin, kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin ɓangaren da aka cire, shima ba shi da ingancin kayan aikin duniyar gaske, yana tsayawa a cikin yankin simintin.

Bayanai Masu Aiki

Ga manajoji samfur: Ba da fifiko ga haɓaka ƙa'idar amsawa mai ƙarancin nauyi, mai ƙarfi - ita ce mabuɗin. Ga masu bincike: Bincika koyon inji don hasashen ingancin tashar $\eta$ da buƙatun baturi, matsawa daga sarrafa amsawa zuwa sarrafa gaggawa. Ga hukumomin daidaitawa: Fara ayyana ƙa'idodin sadarwa don amsawar WPT don tabbatar da haɗin kai, kamar daidaitattun sadarwar Qi amma don nisa. Yaƙin gaba ba zai kasance wanda ke da katako mafi ƙarfi ba, amma wanda ke da madaidaicin madauwari mafi hikima.

6. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha da Samfuran Lissafi

Babban nazarin ARBC ya dogara ne akan ƙirar ramin katako mai resonant. Wutar lantarki da mai karɓa ya cire ($P_{rx}$) an samo shi daga lissafin ƙimar Laser, la'akari da abubuwa kamar matsakaicin riba, hasken madubin komawa, da asarar cikin rami. An gabatar da sauƙaƙaƙen, kusan layi don dalilai na sarrafawa:

$P_{rx} = \frac{T_s T_r G_0 I_{pump}}{\delta_{total} - \sqrt{R_s R_r} G_0} - P_{threshold}$

Inda $T_s, T_r$ su ne ma'auni na haɗin mai aikawa/mai karɓa, $G_0$ shine riba ƙarami, $I_{pump}$ shine ƙarfin famfo (mai canzawa), $R_s, R_r$ sune haskoki, kuma $\delta_{total}$ shine jimillar asarar zagaye. $P_{threshold}$ shine ƙarfin kofa na Laser. Mai sarrafa amsawa yana daidaita $I_{pump}$ don sanya $P_{rx}$, bayan canjin DC-DC, ya zama daidai da $P_{rx}^{pref}$.

7. Sakamakon Gwaji da Bayanin Ginshiƙai

Yayin da ɓangaren PDF da aka bayar ya ambaci kimantawa ta lambobi, sakamako na yau da kullun a cikin irin wannan aikin za a gabatar da su ta hanyar ginshiƙai masu mahimmanci da yawa:

Ginshiƙi na 1: Kwatancen Bayanin Caji. Taswirar layi wanda ke nuna Yanayin Caji (SoC) na Baturi vs. Lokaci don ARBC da RBC. Lanƙwan ARBC zai nuna sauri, tashi mai santsi zuwa 100% SoC, yayin da lanƙwan RBC zai yi fili ba tare da inganci ba yayin lokacin ƙarfin lantarki akai-akai ko nuna matakai saboda matakan wutar lantarki daban-daban.
Ginshiƙi na 2: Ingantaccen Makamashi vs. Nisa. Wani makirci wanda ke kwatanta jimillar ingancin tsarin (Grid zuwa Baturi) na ARBC da RBC a cikin nisa daban-daban. Layin ARBC zai nuna inganci mafi girma kuma mafi kwanciyar hankali, musamman yana lalacewa cikin alheri a tazara mai nisa.
Ginshiƙi na 3: Ƙarfin Watsawa Mai Ƙarfi. Makircin lokaci-lokaci wanda ke nuna yadda ƙarfin mai aikawa na ARBC $P_{tx}$ ke canzawa da kuzari don amsa matakin cajin baturi (CC, CV, trickle), sabanin ƙayyadaddun ko canjin matakin wutar lantarki na RBC.

Waɗannan hotunan za su nuna ƙwararrun fa'idodin ARBC a cikin sauri, inganci, da halayen daidaitawa.

8. Tsarin Nazari: Nazarin Lamari Ba tare da Lambar Ba

Yi la'akari da masana'anta mai hikima tare da mutum-mutumi 100 masu zaman kansu na duba. Kowane mutum-mutumi yana da bayanin aiki daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da bambance-bambancen yawan zubar da baturi.

Yanayi tare da RBC (Mai Daidaitawa): Tashar caji ta tsakiya tana fitar da katako mai ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki. Mutum-mutumin da suka shiga yankin caji suna karɓar wutar lantarki iri ɗaya ba tare da la'akari da yanayin baturinsu ba. Mutum-mutumin da ya cika kusan cika yana samun caji fiye da kima, yana ɓata makamashi kuma yana haifar da zafi. Mutum-mutumin da aka cire shi sosai yana caji a hankali saboda ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki ba ta da inganci don ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki. Gabaɗaya ingancin tsarin yana da ƙasa.

Yanayi tare da ARBC (Mai Daidaitawa): Yayin da mutum-mutumi ya shiga yankin, mai karɓarsa yana sadarwa da SoC na baturinsa da halin yanzu na caji da aka fi so zuwa ga mai aikawa. Tashar ARBC tana ƙididdige ainihin ƙarfin katako da ake buƙata. Mutum-mutumin da ya cika kusan ya karɓi caji na trickle, yana ajiye makamashi. Mutum-mutumin da aka cire ya karɓi caji na babban halin yanzu da aka keɓance don farfadowa cikin sauri. Tsarin yana rage ɓarna, yana rage damuwa da zafi akan batura, kuma yana haɓaka yuwuwar jirgin ruwa. Wannan binciken lamari yana nuna canjin ingancin matakin tsarin na sarrafa daidaitawa.

9. Hangar Aikace-aikace da Hanyoyin Gaba

Fasahar ARBC tana da taswirar hanya wacce ta wuce cajin wayar hannu:

IoT na Masana'antu & Mutum-mutumi: Wutar lantarki na dindindin don na'urori masu auna firikwensin motsi, jirage marasa matuka, da AGV a cikin sito da masana'antu, tare da kawar da lokacin kashewa don caji.
Dasawa na Magani: Amintaccen caji mai nisa don dasawa mai zurfi na jiki (misali, na'urorin taimakon ventricle, neurostimulators) ba tare da wayoyi na fata ba, yana haɓaka ingancin rayuwar marasa lafiya sosai. Hanyoyin aminci kamar katse katako nan da nan suna da mahimmanci a nan.
Gine-gine Masu Hikima: Samar da wutar lantarki ga na'urori masu auna firikwensin don sarrafa yanayi, tsaro, da haske a wuraren da waya ba zai yiwu ba ko kuma mai tsada (misali, rufin sama mai tsayi, bangon gilashi).
Juyin Halitta na Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani: Gidaje da ofisoshi marasa igiya na gaske inda TV, masu magana, da kwamfutocin hannu ke samun wutar lantarki ba tare da matsala ba daga rufin.

Hanyoyin Bincike na Gaba:

MIMO na Masu Amfani da Yawa don WPT: Tsawaita ra'ayi don cajin na'urori da yawa lokaci guda kuma cikin inganci a wurare daban-daban tare da jerin mai aikawa guda ɗaya, ta amfani da dabarun yin katako waɗanda aka yi wahayi daga sadarwar waya (misali, kamar yadda aka bincika a cikin bincike akan Massive MIMO).
Haɗin kai tare da Tattara Makamashi: Ƙirƙirar masu karɓa na gauraye waɗanda suka haɗa ARBC tare da tattara makamashi na yanayi (hasken rana, RF) don aiki mai inganci sosai.
Caji mai Hasashen AI: Yin amfani da koyon inji don hasashen motsin na'ura da buƙatun makamashi, tsarawa da raba katakon wutar lantarki a gaba.
Daidaitawa da Tsaro: Haɓaka ƙa'idodin sadarwa masu aminci don tashar amsawa don hana sauraron saƙo ko hare-haren allurar wutar lantarki, damuwa da binciken tsaro na cyber a cikin IoT ya bayyana.

10. Nassoshi

Zhang, Q., Fang, W., Xiong, M., Liu, Q., Wu, J., & Xia, P. (2017). Adaptive Resonant Beam Charging for Intelligent Wireless Power Transfer. (Rubutun da aka gabatar a VTC2017-Fall).
M. K. O. Farinazzo et al., "Review of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles," a cikin IEEE Access, 2022. (Don mahallin kan ƙalubalen WPT).
Wi-Charge. (2023). Makomar Wutar Lantarki ta Waya. An samo daga https://www.wi-charge.com/technology. (Don yanayin kasuwanci na zamani a cikin WPT na gani mai nisa).
L. R. Varshney, "Transporting Information and Energy Simultaneously," a cikin IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2008. (Aikin farko akan cinikin bayanai-makamashi).
Zhu, J., Banerjee, P., & Ricketts, D. S. (2020). "Towards Safe and Efficient Laser Wireless Power Transfer: A Review." IEEE Journal of Microwaves. (Don nazarin aminci da inganci na WPT na tushen Laser).
Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha na 3GPP don LTE & 5G NR. (Don ƙa'idodin daidaita hanyar haɗi da sarrafa amsawa a cikin sadarwa, waɗanda suka ƙarfafa ƙirar ARBC).
Jami'ar Baturi. (2023). Cajin Batirin Lithium-Ion. An samo daga https://batteryuniversity.com/. (Don cikakkun bayanai kan algorithms na caji da aka fi so (CC-CV) da aka ambata a cikin takardar).