Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
1. Gabatarwa
Fasahar caji mara igiya tana ba da damar canja wutar lantarki ba tare da taɗa hannu ba daga masu caji zuwa na'urorin hannu, tana kawar da haɗin igiyoyi da haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani. Fasahar ta samo asali ne daga ra'ayoyin ka'idoji zuwa aiwatarwa na kasuwanci, tare da manyan masana'antun wayoyin hannu sun haɗa ikon caji mara igiya cikin kayayyakinsu. Hasashen kasuwa yana nuna gagarumin ci gaba, tare da kimomin da zai kai dala biliyan 15 nan da shekarar 2020.
Hasashen Kasuwa
2016: $4.5 biliyan | 2020: $15 biliyan (Pike Research)
2. Bayyani Game da Fasahar Caji Mara Igiya
Asalin caji mara igiya ya samo asali ne daga gwaje-gwajen Nikola Tesla a shekarar 1899, inda ya watsa volt 108 a kan mil 25. Hanyoyin zamani sun samo asali ne ta hanyar haɓaka magnetron da fasahar rectenna, suna ba da damar canjin wutar lantarki na microwave mai inganci.
2.1 Hanyoyin Caji Mara Igiya
Manyan hanyoyi guda uku sun mamaye aiwatarwa na yanzu: induction na maganadisu, resonance na maganadisu, da radiation na lantarki. Kowane hanyar tana bambanta ta fuskar inganci, kewayo, da dacewar aikace-aikace.
2.2 Ci gaba a Tarihi
Daga Hasumiyar Wardenclyffe na Tesla zuwa ma'aunin ƙungiyoyin zamani, canja wutar lantarki mara igiya ya sami ingantaccen gyaran fasaha, yana magance ƙalubalen inganci da shingayen kasuwanci.
3. Ma'aunonin Caji Mara Igiya
Ma'aunoni na duniya suna tabbatar da haɗin kai da aminci a duk faɗin na'urori da masana'antu.
3.1 Ma'aunin Qi
Ƙungiyar Wutar Lantarki Mara Igiya ta haɓaka shi, Qi yana amfani da caji na inductive tare da madaidaicin buƙatun daidaitawa, yana goyan bayan canja wutar lantarki har zuwa 15W.
3.2 Ma'aunin A4WP
Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Wutar Lantarki Mara Igiya tana amfani da haɗin gwiwar maganadisu na resonance, yana ba da 'yancin sarari da caji na na'urori da yawa lokaci guda.
4. Cibiyar Sadarwar Masu Caji
Sabon ra'ayin haɗa masu caji cikin hanyoyin sadarwa yana sauƙaƙe ayyukan caji masu daidaito da ingantaccen rabon albarkatu.
4.1 Tsari da Ka'idoji
Masu caji masu hanyar sadarwa suna sadarwa ta hanyar ka'idojin da aka daidaita, suna ba da damar saka idanu na matsayi na ainihi da sarrafa tsakiya.
4.2 Sanya Mai Amfani da Caji
Algorithms na ingantawa suna rage farashin mai amfani ta hanyar gano mafi kyawun haɗin gwiwar mai caji da na'ura bisa kusanci, samuwa, da buƙatun makamashi.
5. Bincike na Fasaha da Tsarin Lissafi
Ingancin canja wutar lantarki mara igiya yana bin dokar murabba'in saba'in: $P_r = \frac{P_t G_t G_r \lambda^2}{(4\pi d)^2}$ inda $P_r$ ke karɓar wutar lantarki, $P_t$ ke watsa wutar lantarki, $G_t$ da $G_r$ ribar eriya, $\lambda$ tsawon igiyar ruwa, kuma $d$ nesa. Ingantaccen haɗin gwiwar maganadisu na resonance za'a iya ƙirƙira shi ta amfani da ka'idar haɗin gwiwar yanayi: $\frac{d}{dt} \begin{pmatrix} a_1 \\ a_2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -i\omega_1 - \Gamma_1 & -i\kappa \\ -i\kappa & -i\omega_2 - \Gamma_2 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} a_1 \\ a_2 \end{pmatrix}$ inda $a_1$, $a_2$ suke girma yanayi, $\omega_1$, $\omega_2$ mitoci masu juyawa, $\Gamma_1$, $\Gamma_2$ ƙimar lalacewa, kuma $\kappa$ shine haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa.
6. Sakamakon Gwaji da Aiki
Tabbacin gwaji yana nuna hanyoyin sadarwar masu caji mara igiya suna rage farashin aikin mai amfani da kashi 35-40% idan aka kwatanta da tsarin caji keɓaɓɓu. Tsarin hanyar sadarwa yana nuna iyawar haɓaka har zuwa nodes 1000 tare da jinkiri ƙasa da 50ms don siginonin sarrafawa. Ma'aunin inganci yana nuna ingancin canja wutar lantarki kashi 85-90% a nisan 5cm, yana faɗuwa zuwa 45% a 20cm don tsarin resonance na maganadisu.
7. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Jagorori
Hanyoyin sadarwar masu caji mara igiya za su ba da damar rabon wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi a cikin birane masu wayo, abubuwan more rayuwa na caji na motoci masu cin gashin kansu, da aikace-aikacen IoT na masana'antu. Hanyoyin bincike sun haɗa da ingantaccen inganci na kayan haɓakawa, ka'idojin caji na ƙidaya, da haɗawa da hanyoyin sadarwa na 6G.
8. Bayanan da aka ambata
- Brown, W.C. (1964). Tarihin Watsa Wutar Lantarki Ta Hanyar Rediyo.
- Ƙungiyar Wutar Lantarki Mara Igiya. Ƙayyadaddun Ma'aunin Qi v1.3
- Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Wutar Lantarki Mara Igiya. Takaddun Ma'aunin A4WP
- Tesla, N. (1905). Fasahar Watsa Wutar Lantarki Ta Hanyoyin Halitta
- Binciken IMS. Binciken Kasuwar Wutar Lantarki Mara Igiya 2014
Binciken Kwararre: Cibiyar Sadarwar Masu Caji
Fahimtar Asali: Babbar gudunmawar wannan takarda ba ita ce fasahar caji mara igiya ba—wanda ke ci gaba tun lokacin Tesla—amma matakin hanyar sadarwa wanda ke canza masu caji keɓaɓɓu zuwa tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki mai hankali. Marubutan sun gaskata cewa ainihin matsalar ba ingancin canja wutar lantarki ba ne amma daidaitawa na matakin tsarin, kamar yadda TCP/IP ta canza kwamfutoci keɓaɓɓu zuwa intanet.
Matsala ta Hankali: Takardar ta gina daga tushen tarihi zuwa ma'aunin yanzu, sannan ta yi tsalle mai mahimmanci zuwa gine-ginen hanyar sadarwa. Wannan ci gaban yayi daidai da juyin halittar kwamfuta daga manyan cibiyoyin zuwa hanyoyin sadarwa na girgije. Tsarin lissafi na aikin mai amfani da mai caji yana nuna ingantaccen tunani na ingantawa, kodayake bai kai zurfin hanyoyin koyon injin zamani da ake gani a cikin ayyuka kamar takardar CycleGAN ba inda hanyoyin sadarwa masu adawa ke warware matsalolin taswira masu sarƙaƙiya.
Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfin yana cikin fahimtar cewa hanyar sadarwar mai caji tana haifar da matakin bayanai a saman matakin wutar lantarki—wannan tsarin gine-gine na biyu yana da ƙwararrun ƙima. Duk da haka, takardar ta raina raunin aminci; Masu caji masu hanyar sadarwa sun zama hanyoyin kai hari, kamar yadda Mirai botnet ya nuna tare da na'urorin IoT. Hasashen kasuwa daga Binciken IMS da Binciken Pike sun tabbatar da daidaito, suna tabbatar da hangen nesa na kasuwanci.
Abubuwan Fahimta masu Aiki: Ya kamata masu aiwatarwa su ba da fifikon tsaro-ta-zane a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar masu caji, su haɓaka ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa fiye da ma'aunin mallakar mallaka, da bincika blockchain don lissafin makamashi mai rarrabawa. Gaskiyar damar tana cikin haɗawa tare da abubuwan more rayuwa na lissafi na gefe—masu caji mara igiya a matsayin nodes na lissafi masu rarrabawa, ba kawai tushen wutar lantarki ba.
Tsarin Bincike: Ingantaccen Aikin Mai Amfani da Caji
Matsalar aikin mai amfani da mai caji za'a iya ƙirƙira ta azaman daidaitawar zane mai ban sha'awa: Bari $U$ wakiltar masu amfani kuma $C$ wakiltar masu caji. Manufar ingantawa tana rage jimillar farashi: $\min \sum_{i\in U} \sum_{j\in C} c_{ij} x_{ij}$ dangane da $\sum_{j\in C} x_{ij} = 1$ ga duk $i\in U$ da $\sum_{i\in U} x_{ij} \leq cap_j$ ga duk $j\in C$, inda $c_{ij}$ ke wakiltar farashin sanya mai amfani $i$ zuwa mai caji $j$, $x_{ij}$ shine maɓalli na yanke shawara na binary, kuma $cap_j$ iyawar mai caji.