Katsalandan Lantarki daga Fasahar MagSafe na Wayoyin hannu akan ICDs

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Na'urar bugun zuciya da ake saka a jiki (ICD) tana wakiltar muhimmiyar fasahar ceton rayuka ga marasa lafiya masu haɗarin mutuwar kwatsam ta zuciya. Waɗannan na'urorin likitanci masu sarƙaƙƙiya sun haɗa da maganadisu na reed switches waɗanda aka ƙera don amsa maganadisu na asibiti, yawanci suna buƙatar tasirin filin maganadisu na ≥10 Gauss don kunna. Fitowar wayoyin hannu tare da tsarin caji na maganadisu, musamman jerin Apple na iPhone 12 da Huawei P30 Pro tare da fasahar MagSafe, suna haifar da haɗarin katsalandan lantarki wanda bai taba yiwuwa ba wanda ke buƙatar kulawar asibiti cikin gaggawa.

2. Hanyar Bincike

2.1 Tsarin Bincike

Wannan binciken gwaji a cikin jiki ya yi amfani da yanayin gwaji mai sarrafawa a cikin wuraren asibiti don kimanta katsalandan lantarki tsakanin wayoyin hannu na zamani da na'urorin zuciya da aka saka. An ƙera ka'idar bincike don kwaikwayi yanayin amfani na ainihi yayin kiyaye lafiyar marasa lafiya ta hanyar sa ido akai-akai.

2.2 Al'ummar Marasa lafiya

Ƙungiyar binciken ta ƙunshi marasa lafiya 51 tare da ICD da aka saka a baya daga manyan masana'antu guda biyu: Medtronic (marasa lafiya 24) da Boston Scientific (marasa lafiya 27). Duk mahalarta sun ba da sanarwar yarda, kuma binciken ya bi madaidaitan ka'idojin ɗa'a don binciken na'urar likita.

2.3 Ka'idar Gwaji

Gwaji ya haɗa da sanya wayoyin hannu na iPhone 12 da Huawei P30 Pro a tsari kusa da na'urorin da aka saka. An tabbatar da daidaitaccen matsayi ta hanyar sautunan ƙararrawa da ICDs ke fitarwa da kuma maimaita tambayar na'ura. Ka'idar gwaji ta tabbatar da daidaitaccen bayyanar filin maganadisu a duk mahalarta.

3. Sakamako

3.1 Binciken Kididdiga

Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa duk nau'ikan wayoyin hannu guda biyu sun hana maganin wutar lantarki cikin nasara a cikin marasa lafiya 42 cikin 51 (82.3%) lokacin da aka sanya su daidai akan na'urorin da aka saka. Wannan yana wakiltar adadin katsalandan na asibiti wanda ke buƙatar kulawa nan take daga masu kera na'urorin likita da masu haɓaka wayoyin hannu.

3.2 Tsarin Amsawar Na'ura

Duk samfuran ICD na Medtronic da Boston Scientific sun nuna irin wannan tsarin mai saukin kamuwa da katsalandan lantarki. Hanawa ta ci gaba har tsawon lokacin amfani da wayar hannu, tare da dawo da magani nan da nan bayan cire na'ura. Madaidaicin ƙararrawa ta R-wave ta ba da tabbataccen tabbaci na kunna maganadisu.

4. Binciken Fasaha

4.1 Siffofin Filin Maganadisu

Ƙarfin filin maganadisu da ake buƙata don kunna reed switches na ICD yana bin dangantakar dokar murabba'in saba'in:

$B = \frac{\mu_0 m}{4\pi r^2}$

Inda $B$ ke wakiltar yawan maganadisu, $\mu_0$ shine abin da zai iya wucewa na sararin samaniya, $m$ yana nuna lokacin maganadisu, kuma $r$ shine nisa daga tushen maganadisu. Tsarin MagSafe yana samar da filayen da suka wuce ƙofar Gauss 10 a nisa masu dacewa da asibiti.

4.2 Tsarin Reed Switch na ICD

Reed switches na ICD suna aiki ta hanyar rufe hulɗar ferromagnetic don amsa filayen maganadisu na waje. Ana iya ƙirƙira tsarin kunna ta amfani da lissafin ƙarfin maganadisu:

$F_m = \frac{(B \cdot A)^2}{2\mu_0}$

Wannan ƙa'idar ta asali ta bayyana dalilin da yasa fasahar MagSafe, duk da an ƙera ta don sauƙin masu amfani, tana haifar da haɗari na gaske ga marasa lafiya masu na'urorin zuciya da aka saka.

5. Abubuwan da suka shafi Likitanci

Binciken ya tilasta sabunta ka'idojin koyarwa na marasa lafiya da jagororin asibiti cikin gaggawa. Dole ne masu ba da kiwon lafiya su faɗi a sarari wa marasa lafiya na ICD game da haɗarin da ke tattare da wayoyin hannu masu tsarin caji na maganadisu. Adadin katsalandan na 82.3% yana wakiltar matakin aminci da ba a yarda da shi ba don fasahar likitanci mai raya rayuwa.

6. Hanyoyin Gaba

Ya kamata bincike na gaba ya mayar da hankali kan haɓaka daidaitattun ka'idojin gwaji don dacewar lantarki tsakanin na'urorin likita da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani. Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu kera na'urorin likita da kamfanonin fasaha yana da mahimmanci don kafa ma'aunin aminci waɗanda ke kare marasa lafiya yayin ba da damar ƙirƙirar fasaha. Maganganun da ke tasowa na iya haɗawa da tsarin gano wayo wanda ke faɗakar da masu amfani game da yuwuwar kusanci mai haɗari tsakanin na'urori.

7. Bayanan da aka ambata

1. Santomauro M, et al. Katsalandan Lantarki akan Na'urar Bugun Zuciya da aka Saka daga Fasahar MagSafe na Apple da Huawei Smartphones. Jaridar Binciken Zuciya & Rahoto ta Kan layi. 2022;6(3)
2. Jagorar FDA: Dacewar Lantarki na Na'urorin Likita. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka. 2021
3. ISO 14117:2019. Na'urorin likita masu aiki da ake saka a jiki - Dacewar lantarki - Ka'idojin gwaji na EMC don na'urorin bugun zuciya da ake saka a jiki, na'urorin bugun zuciya da ake saka a jiki da na'urorin dawo da bugun zuciya
4. Apple Inc. Takaddun Fasaha ta Fasahar MagSafe. 2020
5. Littafin Fasaha na Medtronic ICD. Ƙayyadaddun Aikin Maganadisu Switch. Buga na 2021