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Tasirin Tsakanin Matsakaici akan Ƙarfin Watsa Wutar Lantarki ta Capacitive: Bincike da Hangen Nesa na Gaba

Cikakken bincike kan yadda nau'ikan tsakanin matsakaici daban-daban suke tasiri aikin watsa wutar lantarki ta capacitive (CPT) idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin inductive, gami da fahimtar ka'idar, siminti, da na aiki.
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Gida » Takaddun » Tasirin Tsakanin Matsakaici akan Ƙarfin Watsa Wutar Lantarki ta Capacitive: Bincike da Hangen Nesa na Gaba

1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani

Wannan takarda tana bincika wani muhimmin al'amari na watsa wutar lantarki ta mara waya (WPT) wanda sau da yawa ake yin watsi da shi: tasirin tsakanin matsakaici akan aikin Watsa Wutar Lantarki ta Capacitive (CPT). Yayin da Watsa Wutar Lantarki ta Inductive (IPT) ke mamaye fagen WPT, CPT tana ba da fa'idodi na musamman kamar tsada mai inganci, rage tsangwama na lantarki, da dacewa da mahalli na ƙarfe. Babbar tambayar bincike tana magana kan yadda maye gurbin iska da wasu tsakanin matsakaici na ƙarfi ko ruwa ke tasiri ƙarfin watsa wutar CPT a kan nisa daban-daban. Binciken ya yi amfani da hanyar bincike mai kashi uku wanda ya haɗa da nazarin ka'idar, siminti na finite element, da siminti na da'irar lantarki na wutar lantarki don ba da amsa cikakke.

2. Fahimtar Tsakiya & Ra'ayin Mai Bincike

Fahimtar Tsakiya

Babban bayyanar da takarda ta yi shi ne cewa raunin da ake ganin CPT tana da shi a cikin iska ba lahani ne na asali ba amma iyaka ne mai dogaro da yanayi. Tazarar 400x a cikin yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da IPT a cikin iska ta rushe lokacin da aka gabatar da tsakanin matsakaici masu ƙarfin ƙarfi ($\epsilon_r$). Wannan yana sake tsara CPT daga fasaha ta musamman zuwa mai fafatawa mai yuwuwa a cikin aikace-aikacen da tsakanin matsakaici ba iska ba ce—tunanin kayan aikin likitanci, tsarin ƙarƙashin ruwa, ko hanyoyin masana'antu da suka haɗa da ruwa ko takamaiman kayan.

Tsarin Ma'ana

Ma'anar marubutan tana da ƙarfi kuma tana ƙaruwa: 1) Kafa matsalar tushe (rashin lahani na tazarar iska na CPT), 2) Gabatar da madaidaicin mai zaman kansa (ƙarfin tsakanin matsakaici), 3) Ƙirƙirar alaƙar ta ka'ida ($C \propto \epsilon_r$), 4) Tabbatar da shi tare da FEA don sifofin filin da suka rikitaru, da 5) Fassara canje-canjen capacitance zuwa ainihin ma'aunin watsa wutar lantarki ta amfani da ƙirar da'ira na gaske. Wannan kwararar tana haɗa ka'idar lantarki da lantarki na wutar lantarki na aiki yadda ya kamata.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai

Ƙarfi: Hanyar daidaitawa mai yawa (nazari → FEA → siminti na da'ira) abin koyi ne ga binciken injiniyan da ake amfani da shi. Mai da hankali kan tsarin faranti huɗu da capacitance ɗinsa na parasitic (C12, C14, da sauransu) yana nuna zurfin fahimtar ƙalubalen ƙira na CPT na aiki fiye da ƙirar faranti mai kama da juna.

Kurakurai: Takarda, kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin taƙaitaccen bayani, ba ta da takamaiman sakamako na ƙididdiga. An gaya mana hanyar amma ba sakamakon ba. Nawa ne yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya ƙaru tare da, a ce, ruwa mai tsarkakewa ($\epsilon_r \approx 80$) ko wasu yumbu? Ba tare da wannan bayanin ba, "tasirin" ya kasance na inganci. Bugu da ƙari, ya yi watsi da ƙalubalen da suka shafi tsakanin matsakaici kamar asarar dielectric, ƙarfin lantarki na rushewa, da dacewar kayan, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don turawa a duniyar gaske, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin bita na WPT don motocin lantarki.

Fahimta Mai Aiki

Ga injiniyoyi da manajoji samfur: Dakatar da kwatanta CPT da IPT a cikin sarari (ko a maimakon, a cikin iska). Fara ayyana tsakanin matsakaici na mahallin aikace-aikacen. Don abubuwan da ake saka a jiki (nama na jiki), jirage marasa matuka na ƙarƙashin ruwa (ruwan teku), ko caji ta wasu kayan marufi, CPT na iya zama mafi kyau, ko kuma zaɓi kawai. Mataki na gaba shine yin samfuri tare da tsakanin matsakaici da aka yi niyya kuma a auna ba kawai haɗin capacitance ba har ma da tangent na asara da ingancin tsarin. Albarkatun kamar ɗakin karatu na dijital na IEEE Xplore suna cike da ƙarin bincike akan kayan dielectric don WPT waɗanda zasu iya ba da labarin zaɓin kayan.

3. Hanyar Bincike & Tsarin Nazari

Binciken ya bi hanyar da aka tsara a cikin Hoto na 1 na PDF, yana ci gaba daga ka'idar asali zuwa siminti da ake amfani da shi.

3.1 Nazarin Ka'idar Haɗin Capacitive

Binciken ya fara da ainihin tsarin CPT na faranti huɗu (Hoto na 2). An gano mahimman abubuwan capacitance (Hoto na 3): manyan capacitors na haɗin kai (C13, C24), capacitors na ɓarna (C12, C34), da capacitors na haɗin kai (C14, C23). Babban capacitance don ƙirar faranti mai kama da juna ana bayar da shi ta hanyar ainihin lissafi: $C = \epsilon_0 \epsilon_r A / d$, inda $A$ shine yanki na faranti, $d$ shine rabuwa, kuma $\epsilon_r$ shine ƙarfin tsakanin matsakaici na tsaka-tsaki. Wannan yana nuna kai tsaye daidaiton da ke tsakanin capacitance da $\epsilon_r$.

3.2 Tabbatar da Siminti ta Hanyar Finite Element

Ƙididdiga na nazari sun zama marasa iyawa don ƙayyadaddun ƙimar parasitic capacitance a cikin sifofin faranti na aiki. Takarda tana amfani da software na Finite Element Analysis (FEA) don siminti rarraba filin lantarki da ciro duk ƙimar capacitance (babba, ɓarna, haɗin kai) don tsakanin matsakaici daban-daban da nisa. Wannan matakin yana tabbatar da yanayin ka'idar kuma yana ba da takamaiman bayanai don tasirin da ba na manufa ba.

3.3 Siminti na Lantarki na Wutar Lantarki

An shigo da matrices na capacitance da aka ciro daga FEA cikin mahallin siminti na da'irar lantarki na wutar lantarki (misali, SPICE ko PLECS). Wannan siminti yana ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar tsarin CPT, gami da mai jujjuyawar mitar mai girma, hanyoyin biyan diyya na resonant (mai yiwuwa L-C don samar da da'irar tanki na LC), da kayan aikin rectifier. Mahimmancin, yana haɗa ƙuntatawa na duniyar gaske kamar ƙimar canjin semiconductor (misali, iyakokin ƙarfin lantarki/na yanzu na MOSFET) da iyawar direba. Wannan mataki na ƙarshe yana fassara canje-canjen haɗin capacitive zuwa ma'auni na ƙarshe: matsakaicin wutar lantarki da za a iya watsawa da ingancin tsarin.

4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha & Tushen Lissafi

Tsarin ka'idar CPT ya ta'allaka ne a cikin hulɗar da ke tsakanin filin lantarki da tsakanin matsakaici na dielectric. Babban lissafi don haɗin capacitance na manufa shine:

$C_{main} = \frac{\epsilon_0 \epsilon_r A}{d}$

Inda $\epsilon_0$ shine ƙarfin lantarki na sarari ($8.854 \times 10^{-12}$ F/m). Ƙarfin watsa wutar lantarki na tsarin CPT na resonant sau da yawa ana samun shi daga lissafin watsa wutar lantarki don tsarin da aka biya da jerin-jerin:

$P = \frac{V_1 V_2 \omega M}{\sqrt{(R_1 R_2 + (\omega M)^2)^2 + (\omega L_1 R_2 + \omega L_2 R_1)^2}}$

Inda, ta hanyar kwatanta da IPT, capacitance na juna $C_M$ (mai alaƙa da $C_{13}$ da $C_{24}$) yana taka rawa iri ɗaya da inductance na juna $M$. Don CPT, ana ayyana "ma'auni na haɗin kai" $k_C$ dangane da capacitance. A cikin ƙirar Pi mai sauƙaƙe (Hoto na 4), halayen watsawa ana ƙaddara su ta hanyar impedance da aka kafa ta waɗannan capacitors a mitar aiki, wanda yawanci yana cikin ɗaruruwan kHz zuwa MHz don cimma matakan wutar lantarki na aiki.

5. Sakamakon Gwaji & Binciken

Lura: Dangane da taƙaitaccen bayani, ba a ba da takamaiman sakamako na ƙididdiga ba. Mai zuwa yana bayyana sakamakon da ake tsammani dangane da hanyar.

Binciken Ka'idar & FEA

Siminti na FEA ya tabbatar da alaƙar layi $C \propto \epsilon_r$. Don tsakanin matsakaici kamar ruwan da aka cire ions ($\epsilon_r \approx 80$), ana tsammanin babban haɗin capacitance zai zama ~80 sau girma fiye da na iska don siffa iri ɗaya. Siminti kuma yana ƙididdige capacitance na parasitic, yana nuna sun zama mafi mahimmanci na jimlar impedance a cikin tsakanin matsakaici na ƙananan $\epsilon_r$ ko a ƙananan rabuwar faranti.

Sakamakon Siminti na Wutar Lantarki

Siminti na lantarki na wutar lantarki ya bayyana cewa ƙarar capacitance daga tsakanin matsakaici mai girma $\epsilon_r$ yana rage impedance da ake buƙata don resonance. Wannan yana ba da damar ko dai mafi girman watsa wutar lantarki a matsanancin ƙarfin lantarki/na yanzu akan semiconductors ko amfani da ƙananan masu canzawa masu arha don matakin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya. "Rashin ƙarfin yawan wutar lantarki" na CPT a cikin iska an rage shi sosai ko ma a juyar da shi.

Bayanin Ginshiƙi (An Ƙaddara): Babban ginshiƙi zai zana "Matsakaicin Wutar Lantarki da za a iya Watsawa (W)" akan "Tazarar Tazara (mm)" don layuka da yawa, kowanne yana wakiltar tsakanin matsakaici daban-daban (Iska, $\epsilon_r=1$; Filastik, $\epsilon_r\approx3$; Ruwa, $\epsilon_r\approx80$; Yumbu, $\epsilon_r\approx100$). Layin na iska zai faɗi da ƙarfi, yayin da layukan tsakanin matsakaici mai girma $\epsilon_r$ za su nuna raguwa mai sauƙi, suna nuna ƙarfin kewayon da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na CPT a cikin waɗannan tsakanin matsakaici.

6. Tsarin Nazari: Misalin Hali

Hali: Kimanta CPT don Tashar Caji na Na'urar Ƙarƙashin Ruwa da aka Rufe.

  1. Ayyana Tsakanin Matsakaici: An cika tazarar da ruwan teku. Ƙarfin lantarki mai rikitarwa ($\epsilon_r \approx 80$, tare da ƙarfin lantarki mara ƙima $\sigma$) shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci.
  2. Tushen Ka'idar: Lissafa manufar $C_{main}$ ta amfani da $\epsilon_r$ na ruwan teku. Amincewa cewa ƙarfin lantarki zai haifar da asarar wutar lantarki ($P_{loss} \propto \sigma E^2$), ba a kama shi a cikin ƙirar capacitance mai sauƙi ba.
  3. Siminti na FEA: Ƙirƙirar faranti tare da yankin ruwan teku. Ciro cikakken matrix na capacitance. Bugu da ƙari, yi amfani da FEA don ƙididdige rarraba filin lantarki da kimanta asarar ohmic a cikin tsakanin matsakaici mai ɗaukar lantarki.
  4. Siminti na Tsarin: Shigar da ƙimar capacitance mai asara cikin ƙirar da'ira. Share mitar don nemo mafi kyawun wurin resonant wanda ke haɓaka ingancin watsa wutar lantarki, daidaita haɗin kai da asarar dielectric.
  5. Yanke Shawara: Kwatanta aikin CPT da aka siminti (wutar lantarki, inganci, farashi) da madadin IPT don aikace-aikacen ƙarƙashin ruwa iri ɗaya, inda IPT zai yi fama da asarar igiyar ruwa a cikin ruwan mai ɗaukar lantarki.

7. Hangar Aikace-aikace & Hanyoyin Gaba

Binciken ya juya tsarin aikace-aikacen CPT zuwa mahallin da babban ƙarfin lantarki ko takamaiman tsakanin matsakaici suke:

  • Kayan Aikin Likitanci: Caji ta fata da nama ($\epsilon_r \sim 40-50$). CPT tana guje wa damuwar dumama na IPT kusa da kyallen jiki masu ɗaukar lantarki.
  • Ƙarƙashin Ruwa & Ruwa: Wutar lantarki/caji na motocin ƙarƙashin ruwa masu cin gashin kansu (AUVs) da na'urori masu auna firikwensin ta ruwan teku.
  • Kayan Aikin Masana'antu: Wutar lantarki mara waya don kayan aiki ko na'urori masu auna firikwensin a cikin tankuna, ta bututu, ko saka a cikin kayan haɗin gwiwa (misali, fiber carbon).
  • Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani: Caji ta saman kayan daki (itace, laminate) ko rufaffiyar ruwa.

Hanyoyin Bincike na Gaba:

  1. Ƙirar Tsakanin Matsakaici Mai Asara: Ƙara binciken zuwa tsakanin matsakaici masu ɗaukar lantarki da masu watsewa, haɗa ƙarfin lantarki mai rikitarwa ($\epsilon^* = \epsilon' - j\epsilon''$) cikin ƙirar ƙira.
  2. Kayan Dielectric Masu Aiki: Bincika ferroelectrics ko dielectric masu daidaitawa inda $\epsilon_r$ za a iya sarrafa su ta hanyar lantarki don daidaita haɗin kai a hankali.
  3. Tsarin WPT na Haɗin gwiwa: Bincika tsarin IPT-CPT da aka haɗa waɗanda zasu iya zaɓar mafi kyawun yanayin watsawa bisa ga tsakanin matsakaici da daidaitawa da aka gano.
  4. Daidaituwa & Tsaro: Haɓaka sabbin ƙa'idodin tsaro don CPT a cikin tsakanin matsakaici mara iska, musamman game da bayyanar filin lantarki a cikin mahallin halitta.

8. Nassoshi

  1. K. A. Kalwar, M. Aamir, da S. Mekhilef, "Inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) for electric vehicle charging – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 47, shafi. 462–475, 2015.
  2. Z. Zhang, H. Pang, A. Georgiadis, da C. Cecati, "Wireless Power Transfer—An Overview," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, lamba. 2, shafi. 1044–1058, 2019.
  3. S. Y. R. Hui, W. Zhong, da C. K. Lee, "A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Mid-Range Wireless Power Transfer," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, lamba. 9, shafi. 4500–4511, 2014.
  4. M. Kline, I. Izyumin, B. Boser, da S. Sanders, "Capacitive power transfer for contactless charging," a cikin 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2011, shafi. 1398–1404.
  5. J. M. Miller, O. C. Onar, da M. Chinthavali, "Primary-Side Power Flow Control of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Charging," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 3, lamba. 1, shafi. 147–162, 2015.
  6. IEEE Xplore Digital Library. [Kan layi]. Ana samu: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org
  7. "Wireless Power Transfer Consortium (WPTC)," [Kan layi]. Ana samu: https://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com/