Yanayin Magnetic Quadrupole na Axial don Watsa Wutar Lantarki ta Wayar Maras Hanya

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani

Wannan takarda tana gabatar da sabuwar hanya ta Watsa Wutar Lantarki ta Wayar Maras Hanya (WPT) ta hanyar amfani da yanayin magnetic quadrupole na axial na resonator faifai dielectric mai babban ƙarfin shigarwa (permittivity) da ƙarancin asara. Babban ƙalubalen da aka magance shi ne rashin kwanciyar hankali na kusurwa da raguwar inganci a cikin tsarin WPT na gargajiya na tushen nada lokacin da matsayin mai karɓa ya canza. Tsarin da aka gabatar yana nufin samar da filin magnetic mai daidaito a cikin jirgin sama na transverse, yana ba da damar ci gaba da ingancin watsa wutar lantarki ba tare da la'akari da matsayin kusurwar mai karɓa dangane da mai watsawa ba.

Aikin yana samun goyon bayan Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Rasha kuma yana nuna wani muhimmin mataki zuwa ga caji mai sauƙi, aminci, da inganci na na'urori da yawa.

2. Fasaha ta Tsaki & Hanyoyin Aiki

2.1 Yanayin Magnetic Quadrupole na Axial

Yanayin magnetic quadrupole na axial wani takamaiman resonance ne na lantarki na jikin dielectric. Ba kamar yanayin dipole na asali ba, yanayin quadrupole yana da rarraba filin da ya fi rikitarwa wanda ke da alaƙa da dipole magnetic guda biyu da aka tsara su don adawa da juna. Wannan tsari, lokacin da aka tada shi tare da axis na resonator faifai, yana samar da filin magnetic wanda galibi yana da daidaito a cikin jirgin sama da ke kai tsaye zuwa axis. Wannan daidaito shine mabuɗin watsa wutar lantarki maras hanya, saboda nada mai karɓa da aka sanya a ko'ina a cikin wannan jirgin sama yana haɗuwa da irin wannan juzu'in magnetic, yana rage bambance-bambancen inganci tare da kusurwa.

2.2 Ƙirar Resonator Dielectric

Mai watsawa resonator faifai ne mara zurfi da aka ƙera daga kayan yumbu mai "colossal permittivity" da ƙarancin asara (babban Q-factor). Tsakiyar mara zurfi mai yiwuwa tana taimakawa wajen siffata yanayi da kuma tsare filin. Yin amfani da resonator dielectric maimakon nadar ƙarfe yana ba da manyan fa'idodi guda biyu: 1) An rage asarar ohmic sosai, wanda ke haifar da babban Q-factor na tsarin da inganci. 2) Ƙaƙƙarfan tsare filin lantarki a cikin dielectric, wanda ke rage asarar radiyo da rage bayyanar kyallen jikin halittu da ke kewaye da filayen lantarki, yana magance babban matsalar tsaro a cikin WPT.

3. Saitin Gwaji & Sakamako

3.1 Aikin Mai Karɓa Guda

An gwada tsarin a 157 MHz. Tare da nada mai karɓa guda da aka sanya 3 cm daga faifan mai watsawa, an kiyaye madaidaicin Ingancin Watsa Wutar Lantarki (PTE) na kusan 88% yayin da aka jujjuya mai karɓa ta digiri 360. Wannan ya tabbatar da ikon maras hanya da aka samu daga filin magnetic mai daidaito na yanayin quadrupole.

3.2 Caji Mai Karɓa Da Yawa

Gwaji mai mahimmanci don aikace-aikace na zahiri shine caji na'urori da yawa lokaci guda. Binciken ya nuna caji masu karɓa biyu tare da jimlar ingancin tsarin na 90%, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin kusurwar masu karɓa dangane da juna da mai watsawa ba. Wannan yana nuna ƙaramin tsangwama na haɗin kai tsakanin masu karɓa, matsala ta gama gari a cikin tsarin nada da yawa.

3.3 Tsaro & Bayyanar Filin

Babban fa'ida da ake iƙirari shine tsaro. Resonator dielectric yana ɗauke da mafi yawan filin lantarki a cikin girmansa. Saboda haka, ma'auni sun nuna an rage bayyanar kyallen jikin halittu na waje ga duka filayen lantarki (E) da magnetic (H), wanda ke haifar da ƙaramin Ƙimar Shaye (SAR). Wannan yana ba da damar yiwuwar amfani da matakan ƙarfin shigarwa mafi girma yayin da ake ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakokin tsaro na ƙa'ida (misali, jagororin ICNIRP), iyaka ga tsare-tsare da yawa maras kariya.

4. Nazarin Fasaha & Tsarin Aiki

4.1 Tsarin Lissafi

Ingancin tsarin WPT na inductive mai resonant ana iya ƙirƙira shi ta amfani da ka'idar haɗin yanayi ko ka'idar da'ira. Ingancin watsa wutar lantarki (PTE) tsakanin mai watsawa (Tx) da mai karɓa (Rx) sau da yawa ana bayar da shi ta hanyar: $$\eta = \frac{k^2 Q_{Tx} Q_{Rx}}{(1 + \sqrt{1 + k^2 Q_{Tx} Q_{Rx}})^2}$$ inda $k$ shine ma'aunin haɗin kai, kuma $Q_{Tx}$, $Q_{Rx}$ sune abubuwan inganci na masu resonant na mai watsawa da mai karɓa. Kaddarorin maras hanya yana nuna cewa $k$ ya kasance kusan akai ($k \approx k_0$) ga duk matsayin kusurwa $\theta$ na Rx a cikin jirgin sama na transverse, watau $k(\theta) \approx \text{constant}$. Babban $Q_{Tx}$ da aka samu ta resonator dielectric mai ƙarancin asara yana haɓaka mafi girman yuwuwar $\eta$ kai tsaye.

4.2 Misalin Tsarin Nazari

Nazarin Lamari: Kimanta Aikin Maras Hanya
Manufa: Ƙididdige bambancin kusurwa na PTE don sabon ƙirar mai watsawa na WPT.
Matakan Tsari:

1. Auna Ma'auni: Don tsayayyen nisa $d$, auna S-ma'auni ($S_{21}$) tsakanin Tx da Rx a matakai na kusurwa $\theta_i$ (misali, kowane 15°).
2. Lissafin Inganci: Lissafa PTE daga $S_{21}$: $\eta(\theta_i) = |S_{21}(\theta_i)|^2$.
3. Ma'aunin Daidaito: Lissafa madaidaicin karkace $\sigma_\eta$ da kewayon ($\eta_{max} - \eta_{min}$) na bayanan $\eta(\theta_i)$.
4. Benchmarking: Kwatanta $\sigma_\eta$ da kewayon da tsarin nada na yanayin dipole na gargajiya. Ƙananan $\sigma_\eta$ da ƙaramin kewayon suna nuna mafi girman aikin maras hanya.
5. Kima na Tsaro: Taswirar girman filin E na waje da H a kusa da Tx a ƙarfinsa na aiki. Lissafa SAR da aka kwaikwayi don daidaitaccen samfurin nama (misali, daga ma'aunin IEEE C95.1) kuma a kwatanta da iyakokin ƙa'ida.

Wannan tsarin yana ba da daidaitaccen hanya don kwatanta da'awar "maras hanya" a cikin fasahohin WPT daban-daban.

5. Nazari Mai Mahimmanci & Hasashen Kwararru

Hasashe na Tsaki: Zanganeh da sauransu sun aiwatar da wani wayo daga ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na asali zuwa aikin injiniya. Ba kawai suna amfani da resonator dielectric ba; suna musamman yin amfani da yanayin magnetic quadrupole mafi girma—ra'ayi da ya fi zama gama gari a cikin kayan ƙira da ka'idar watsawa—don magance matsala mai mahimmanci na WPT: rashin daidaita kusurwa. Wannan misali ne na littafin koyon aikin injiniyan yanayi, mai tunawa da yadda masu bincike ke sarrafa resonances Mie a cikin ƙananan barbashi na dielectric don samun filayen gani.

Kwararar Hankali: Hujja tana da ƙarfi: 1) Gano matsalar (rashin kwanciyar hankali na kusurwa a cikin WPT na tushen nada). 2) Gabatar da ƙa'idar magani (filin magnetic mai daidaito). 3) Zaɓi tsarin jiki wanda ke goyan bayan yanayin da ke samar da irin wannan filin (magnetic quadrupole na axial a cikin faifai). 4) Zaɓi abu wanda ke haɓaka fa'ida (yumbu mai babban ε, ƙarancin asara don babban Q). 5) Tabbatar da gwaje-gwaje (88% PTE, maras hanya). 6) Magance muhimmin tambaya na gaba (mai karɓa da yawa, tsaro). Kwararar daga ra'ayi zuwa tabbacin ra'ayi zuwa magance ƙima da tsaro yana da ma'ana kuma cikakke don wasiƙar bincike.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfi: Mayar da hankali biyu akan aiki (inganci, maras hanya) da tsaro (ƙarancin bayyanar filin, SAR) babban ƙarfi ne, sau da yawa ana yin watsi da shi don neman inganci mai tsafta. Amfani da abu guda da aka ciyar da shi yana da sauƙi da kyau idan aka kwatanta da hadaddun nada da yawa, jerin lokuta masu yawa. Ingancin 90% na masu karɓa biyu yana da ban sha'awa kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai don amfani a duniyar gaske. Kurakurai: Giwa a cikin daki shine nisa na 3 cm. Duk da yake ya dace da faloji na caji na kusa, yana iyakance da'awar "tsakiyar kewayon" WPT sosai. Mita na 157 MHz yana cikin rukunin cunkoso; yardar ƙa'ida don na'urorin mabukaci a matakan ƙarfi mai ma'ana na iya zama ƙalubale. Takardar kuma ba ta da cikakken bincike kan yadda inganci ke haɓaka tare da nisa da kuskuren gefe, wanda yake da mahimmanci kamar rashin daidaita kusurwa. A ƙarshe, kayan "colossal permittivity" na iya zama na keɓance ko tsada, yana tasiri kasuwanci.

Hasashe Mai Aiki:

1. Ga Masu Bincike: Bincika wasu yanayi mafi girma (magnetic octupole, toroidal) a cikin siffofi daban-daban na dielectric (yakamata, cubes) waɗanda zasu iya ba da mafi kyawun daidaiton filin ko tsayin kewayon. Bincika hanyoyin daidaitawa masu ƙarfi don kiyaye resonance da haɗin kai yayin da masu karɓa ke motsi.
2. Ga Masu Haɓaka Samfura: Yi la'akari da wannan a matsayin mafita mai inganci don wurin caji na wuri mai ƙayyadaddun wuri, na'urori da yawa (misali, teburin taro, teburin dafa abinci). Ba da fifiko ga haɗin kai tare da gano abu na waje (FOD) da kewayon kariya na abu mai rai (LOP), saboda bayanin tsaro shine mabuɗin siyarwa.
3. Ga Masu Zuba Jari: Wannan fasaha tana zaune a cikin wuri mai daɗi tsakanin sauƙaƙan caji na inductive da hadaddun ƙirar RF beamforming. Ku kalli aikin da ya biyo baya wanda ke tsawaita kewayon fiye da 10 cm da nunawa tare da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci. IP a kusa da takamaiman abun da ke ciki na yumbu da hanyar tada yanayi na iya zama mai mahimmanci.

Aikin ya nuna cikakkiyar hanyar fasaha mafi girma don WPT maras hanya, amma yuwuwar kasuwancinsa gaba ɗaya ya dogara da magance ƙalubalen kewayon da farashi. Ƙirar ƙira ce mai haske wacce yanzu tana buƙatar haɓaka zuwa samfura mai amfani.

6. Ayyukan Gaba & Hanyoyi

• Na'urorin Lantarki na Mabukaci: Filayen caji don wayoyin hannu, agogon hannu, kunnuwa, da kwamfutocin hannu waɗanda ba sa buƙatar daidaitaccen sanyawa.
• Dasassun Magani: Amintaccen wutar lantarki ta wayar maras hanya don na'urori da aka saka kamar pacemakers ko masu tada jijiyoyi, inda ƙaramin bayyanar nama ga filayen E yake da mahimmanci.
• IoT na Masana'antu & Robotic: Wutar lantarki don na'urori masu auna firikwensin ko kayan aiki akan dandamali masu juyawa (misali, hannun mutum-mutumi, teburin masana'antu) inda haɗin waya mai ci gaba ba zai yiwu ba.
• Motocin Lantarki: A matsayin wani ɓangare a cikin faloji na caji na wayar mara waya don motoci, yana jurewa rashin daidaita fakin.
• Hanyoyin Bincike: Tsawaita kewayon aiki ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na kusa da kayan ƙira ko masu resonant na relay. Sanya mita zuwa duka ƙananan (kHz don zurfin shiga) da manyan (GHz don ƙanƙanta) makada. Haɗawa tare da ƙa'idodin sadarwa don sarrafa wutar lantarki mai wayo. Bincika masu resonant dielectric masu sassauƙa ko masu daidaitawa don saman da ba su da lebur.

7. Nassoshi

1. Zanganeh, E., Nenasheva, E., & Kapitanova, P. (Shekara). Yanayin Magnetic Quadrupole na Axial na Resonator Dielectric don Watsa Wutar Lantarki ta Wayar Maras Hanya. Sunan Jarida/Mujalla, Volume(Lamba), shafuka. (Tushen PDF)
2. Samfurin, A. P., Meyer, D. A., & Smith, J. R. (2011). Nazari, sakamakon gwaji, da daidaita kewayon masu resonant masu haɗin kai na magnetic don watsa wutar lantarki ta wayar mara waya. IEEE Transactions akan Lantarki na Masana'antu, 58(2), 544-554.
3. Kurs, A., Karalis, A., Moffatt, R., Joannopoulos, J. D., Fisher, P., & Soljačić, M. (2007). Watsa wutar lantarki ta wayar mara waya ta hanyar haɗin kai mai ƙarfi na magnetic resonances. Kimiyya, 317(5834), 83-86.
4. Hukumar Kula da Radiation Ba ta Ionizing ta Duniya (ICNIRP). (2020). Jagororin don iyakance bayyanar ga filayen lantarki (100 kHz zuwa 300 GHz). Kimiyyar Lafiya, 118(5), 483-524.
5. Miroshnichenko, A. E., Evlyukhin, A. B., Yu, Y. F., Bakker, R. M., Chipouline, A., Kuznetsov, A. I., ... & Kivshar, Y. S. (2015). Yanayin anapole mara radiyo a cikin ƙananan barbashi na dielectric. Sadarwar Nature, 6(1), 8069.
6. Ma'aunin IEEE don Matakan Tsaro dangane da Bayyanar Dan Adam ga Filayen Lantarki, Magnetic, da Lantarki, 0 Hz zuwa 300 GHz. (2019). IEEE Std C95.1-2019.